Lesson 30 Football or polo?足球還是水球?
First listen and then answer the question.聽(tīng)錄音，然后回答以下問(wèn)題。
What happened to the man in the boat?
The Wayle is a small river that cuts across the park near my home.
威爾河是橫穿過(guò)我家附近公園的一條小河。
I like sitting by the Wayle on fine afternoons.
我喜歡在天氣晴朗的下午到河邊坐坐。
It was warm last Sunday, so I went and sat on the river bank as usual.
上星期日天氣很暖和。于是我和往常一樣，又去河邊坐著。
Some children were playing games on the bank and there were some people rowing on the river.
河岸上有些孩子正在玩 耍，河面上有些人正在劃船。
Suddenly, one of the children kicked a ball very hard and it went towards a passing boat.
突然，一個(gè)孩子狠狠地踢了一腳球，球便向著一只劃過(guò)來(lái)的小船飛去。
Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat, but he did not hear them.
岸上的一些人對(duì)著小船上的人高喊，但他沒(méi)有聽(tīng)見(jiàn)。
The ball struck him so hard that he nearly fell into the water.
球重重地打 在他身上，使他差點(diǎn)兒落入水中。
I turned to look at the children, but there weren't any in sight: they had all run away!
我轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)頭去看那些孩子，但一個(gè)也不見(jiàn)，全都跑了！
The man laughed when he realized what had happened.
當(dāng)那個(gè)人明白了發(fā)生的事情時(shí)，笑了起來(lái)。
He called out to the children and threw the ball back to the bank.
他大聲叫著那些孩子，把球扔回到 岸上。
New words and Expressions生詞和短語(yǔ)
polo
n. 水球
Wayle
n. 威爾（河名）
cut
v. 穿過(guò)
row
v. 劃（船）
kick
v. 踢
towards
prep. 朝，向
nearly
adv. 幾乎
sight
n. 眼界，視域
Lesson 30 自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀First things first
課文詳注 Further notes on the text1．The Wayle is a small river that cuts across the park near my home. 威爾河是橫穿過(guò)我家附近公園的一條小河。
在這句話中，that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾 a small river，關(guān)系代詞that在從句中作主語(yǔ)。地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) near my home修飾 the park。
2．I like sitting by the Wayle on fine afternoons. 我喜歡在天氣晴朗的下午到河邊坐坐。
（1）by在此處表示“在……旁邊／近旁”。
（2）afternoon為復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示經(jīng)常性的情況，因此謂語(yǔ)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。由于afternoon前面有修飾詞，因此要用介詞on。
morning，evening與它的用法一致。試比較：
He came to the office in the afternoon.
他下午去了辦公室。
He met John on Sunday/on a fine afternoon.
他在星期天/在一個(gè)晴朗的下午遇見(jiàn)了約翰。
Will you come to the meeting this/tomorrow afternoon?
你來(lái)參加今天/明天下午的會(huì)嗎?(在this , tomorrowr ,yesterday等前面不加介詞)
This happend on the afternoon of May22.
這事發(fā)生于5月22日下午。(請(qǐng)注意在the afternoon of May22之前要用介詞on)
3．…it went towards a passing boat.……球便向著一只劃過(guò)來(lái)的小船飛去。
（1）go在此處不是指人“走”，而是指球“行進(jìn)”。
（2）passing為現(xiàn)在分詞，作定語(yǔ)，表示“經(jīng)過(guò)的”、“劃過(guò)來(lái)的”，如a passing plane（一架飛過(guò)的飛機(jī)）。
4．Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat…岸上的一些人對(duì)著小船上的人高喊……
call out表示“大聲呼叫”、“叫喊”，比call語(yǔ)氣要重：
I heard someone calling out for help.
我聽(tīng)到有人在大聲呼救。
Mary called out to her father, but he was too far away and couldn't hear her.
瑪麗對(duì)著她的父親高喊，但他離得太遠(yuǎn)了，聽(tīng)不到她的喊叫。
5．The ball struck him so hard that he nearly fell into the water.
球重重地打在他身上，使他差點(diǎn)兒落入水中。
so +形容詞+that通常引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“如此……以至于……”：
The book was so interesting that I read it in two hours.
這本書如此有趣，我兩個(gè)小時(shí)就把它看完了。
The box is so heavy that I can't lift it without your help.
這箱子太重了，以至于沒(méi)有你的幫助我無(wú)法把它舉起來(lái)。
這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)也可以用于so +副詞+that從句結(jié)構(gòu)：
He ran so quickly that no one could catch up with him.
他跑得非常快，沒(méi)人能趕上他。
It rained so hard that we couldn't go out.
雨下得很大，我們無(wú)法出去。
在口語(yǔ)中，引導(dǎo)詞that往往可以省略。
6．I turned to look at the children, but there weren't any in sight…我轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)頭去看那些孩子，但一個(gè)也不見(jiàn)……
（1）any代替 any children。
（2） in sight表示“看得見(jiàn)”、“在視野之內(nèi)”，反義詞為 out of sight：
No bus is in sight.
看不見(jiàn)任何公共汽車。
Mary came in sight when I was waiting for Lucy.
我等露西的時(shí)候，瑪麗出現(xiàn)了。
In the afternoon, we came in sight of the village.
下午時(shí)，我們見(jiàn)到了那座村莊。
George left the store and was soon out of sight.
喬治離開了那商店，不久便不見(jiàn)了。
語(yǔ)法 Grammar in use
a，the，some與any的用法
在第6課的語(yǔ)法中，我們學(xué)習(xí)了a，the和some的一些基本用法。與some意義相近的另一個(gè)單詞是any，它們都表示“一些”。some通常用于肯定句：
There are some eggs in the fridge.
冰箱里有些雞蛋。
There is some milk in the fridge.
冰箱里有些牛奶。
any通常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中：
There isn't any meat in the fridge.
冰箱里沒(méi)肉了。
但是，在疑問(wèn)句中如果所期望的回答是肯定的，則可以用some：
Can I borrow some forks?
我能借些叉子嗎?
I haven't got any here,but there are some in that drawer.
我這里沒(méi)有叉子、不過(guò)那個(gè)抽屜里有一些。
我們已經(jīng)知道，在姓名、地名、國(guó)名（非復(fù)合詞）前面通常不加任何冠詞。但是，在特指的海洋、河流、山脈以及部分復(fù)合詞形式的國(guó)名前，一定要用定冠詞the：
He came from the United States of America.
他來(lái)自美國(guó)。
John lives in London which is on the Thames.
約翰住在泰晤士河畔的倫敦。
在表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的東西時(shí)，通常要加定冠詞the：The moon is very pale tonight.
今晚月光很朦朧。
The sun is bright today.
今天陽(yáng)光明媚。
在 such后面用 a/an，可以起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用：
The wind is very strong today!
今天風(fēng)很大!
Yes,I've never seen such a strong wind before.
是的，我以前從沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)這么大的風(fēng)。
詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
1．cut
（1）vt．，vi．切，割，剪：
Would you please cut the cake in half?
請(qǐng)把蛋糕切成兩半好嗎？
I read this story in the paper this morning and cut it out for you.
今天上午我在報(bào)紙上讀到這個(gè)故事便給你剪下來(lái)了。
（2）vt．割破，劃破：
He shaved hurriedly this morning and cut himself badly.
他今天早上匆匆忙忙地刮臉，刮破了不少地方。
（3）vi．橫穿，穿越（介詞用 across/through）：
The Wayle cuts across a park.
威爾河橫穿過(guò)一個(gè)公園。
The road cuts across/through the forest.
這條路穿過(guò)森林。
2．row
（1）vt．，vi．劃船：
Have you ever learned to row (a boat)?
你學(xué)過(guò)劃船嗎？
John rowed across the lake quickly.
約翰很快劃到了湖那邊。
（2）vt．劃船載運(yùn)：
Can you row me up/across the river?
你能劃船將我送到河的上游／對(duì)岸嗎？
He rowed her home.
他劃船把她送回家。
Lesson 30 課后練習(xí)和答案Exercises and Answer
