新概念英語第三冊語法精粹：從句的使用

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新概念英語一共144課。整本書無論是語法還是詞匯，題材還是語句，都有其出彩之處。今天小編給大家?guī)硇赂拍钣⒄Z第三冊語法精粹,希望可以幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

新概念英語第三冊語法精粹：從句的使用

在英語中，從句主要有定語從句，狀語從句和名詞性從句(主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句，同位語從句)

一.定語從句

1. 定語從句：由關(guān)系代詞 who, whom, whose, that, which; 關(guān)系副詞 when, where, why 引導(dǎo)。

(下面十個句子請讀 5遍并脫口譯出!)

1. The death notices tell us about people who have died during the week.

2. The man (whom) you spoke to just now is my friend.

3. The building whose lights are on is beautiful.

4. Please find a place which we can have a private talk in.

5. The knee is the joint where the thighbone meets the large bone of the lower leg.

6. He still remembers the day when he went to school.

7. It is no need telling us the reason why you didn't finish it in time.

8. He has three sons, two of whom died in the war.

9. Mr. Smith, whose wife is a clerk, teaches us English.

10. In the Sunday paper there are comics, which children enjoy.

2. 只能用that和who引導(dǎo)的定語從句

A.all, nothing, anything, a few, one做先行詞指物時

B.先行詞前有形容詞級修飾時，后面常跟that而不是which.

C.先行詞前有 the only, the first, the last, the next, the very等詞修飾時，引導(dǎo)詞只能用that。

D.當(dāng)先行詞是 anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody時，后面要用who或whom;

● All that glitters is not gold. 閃光的并非都是金子。

3. as 引導(dǎo)定語從句

as 引導(dǎo)的定語從句有兩種形式：

A.引導(dǎo)限制性語從句。

在此類定語從句中，as常與主語中作為其先行詞的such, the same或as聯(lián)用構(gòu)成，“such... as”，“the same... as”和“as ...as”句型，可代替先行詞。

例如：We hope to get such a tool as he is using. 我們希望得到他正在用的那種工具。

B.as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，作用與which相同，as作為關(guān)系代詞代替整個主句。

(這是語法考試的一個考點。)

[注意區(qū)別]：

as 引導(dǎo)的從句用于句首、句中或句后，而which引導(dǎo)的定語從句不能放在句首。

例如：As is reported, a foreign delegation will visit the city.

據(jù)報道，一個外國代表團將訪問這個城市。

二.狀語從句

超級作文聯(lián)接詞及詞組，全部拿下!

① 原因：because, since, now that(既然)as, for, this reason....

② 結(jié)果：so that, so, therefore, consequently, so as to, as a result ....

③ 時間：after, before, when, while, as, until, as soon as, since, by the time, once, lately, presently, shortly after, currently, at present, nowadays ...

④ 條件：if, only if., once, unless, in the event (that), in case (that), provided that, on the condition that, etc.

⑤ 讓步：though, although, even though(if), no matter what / how / when→ whatever / however / whenever ....

⑥ 目的：in order that, in order to, to,

⑦ 比較：than, as ... as, by comparison(相比較)，by contrast(相對照)....

三.名詞性從句

王牌要點：通常由 that或疑問詞導(dǎo)出。

1. How some mammals came to live in the sea is not know.(主語從句)

2. The attorney told his client that they had little chance of winning the case.(賓語從句)

3. The problem is what we'll do next.(表語從句)

4. We have no idea that he has come back.(同位語從句)

同位語(Appositive):

同位語是英語語法的重點內(nèi)容，也是各類考試中的一個考點，同時，在寫作中正確運用同位語可以使你的句型更加簡潔得體。

《新概念英語》第三冊第一課有這樣一個句子： When reports came into London zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously.

(當(dāng)倫敦動物園接到報告說，在倫敦以南45英里處發(fā)現(xiàn)一只美洲獅時，這些報告并沒有受到重視。)

在這里，a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London就是同位語從句，它本來應(yīng)該放在 “reports”后面，這里卻被放在了謂語成分 came into London zoo的后面，目的是讓句型顯得更為穩(wěn)重。

I.簡單記憶：同位語從句，就是對某些名詞做進一步的解釋的句子。

I was greatly shocked when I heard the news that his father died yesterday.

(that 引導(dǎo)的句子解釋了news的內(nèi)容，注意：that不做任何成分)

We have to face the fact that the weather is unexpectedly bad.

(that 引導(dǎo)的句子解釋了fact的內(nèi)容)

II.聯(lián)想記憶：

能接同位詞從句的名詞有：belief(信仰)，fact，idea，doubt，rumor(謠言)，evidence(證據(jù))，conclusion(結(jié)論)，suggestion(建議)，problem，order，answer，discovery(發(fā) 現(xiàn))explanation(解釋)，principle(原則)，possibility(可能性)，truth，promise(承諾)，report(報告)，statement(聲明)，knowledge(知識)，opinion(觀點)，likelihood(可能性)

[大聲朗讀三遍，背下即可。]

III.王牌要點：

● 同位語一般由that引導(dǎo)，但也可以用關(guān)系代詞which, who, what和關(guān)系副詞when, where, why, how或 whether 引導(dǎo)。

There arouse the question whether we could win the game.

I have no idea howto explain it.

● 一些介詞詞組后面也能引導(dǎo)同位語從句。(非常經(jīng)典之功能句式，可用于四六級和托福作文，不妨一試!)：

on the assumption(在……前提下)，

on the ground(由于……原因)，

on the condition that(在……條件下)，

with the exception(有……例外)

owing to the fact(由于……事實);

on the understanding(基于……理解);

The young lady promised to marry the old man on the condition that he bought her a villa.

那位年輕的女士答應(yīng)嫁給那位老頭，條件是他給她買一幢別墅。

IV.分隔式同位語從句：

為了使句型平衡不至于頭重腳輕，有時同位語從句可以放到句子的末尾，(讀兩遍此定義，然后看倒句：)

An idea came to him that he might write to her to ask more information about the matter.

I got information from my friend that there will be a marvelous American movie "Titanic".

V. 同位語從句與定語從句之區(qū)別：

簡單記憶：定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞 that 或 which在句子中用作主語或賓語，而同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞that只起連接主句和從句之作用，不用作任何成分。

示例：I've got an answer that A is right. (同位語從句，that 不做成分)

I've got an answer that surprised me a lot.(定語從句，that做定語從句的主語)

VI.王牌重點：可以充當(dāng)同位語的詞組或短語：

1)名詞短語。(使句型更為簡潔)

Bill Clinton, the president of America, came to China to pay an official visit in 1998.

Lu Xun, one of the greatest essayists in China, played an overwhelmingly important role in Chinese literature history.

2)動名詞詞組亦可用作同位語：別忘了加逗號。(使句型更為流暢)

I'm crazy about the game, playing baseball.

Going to concert, that sounds a great idea.

3)不定式短語。(陌生只是掌握的開始)

The problem what to do next remains unsolved.

Her claim to have finished his work is nothing but a white lie.

4)形容詞詞組。(有逗號隔開)

All the workers, young or old, should be treated equally.

Young man, short or tall, should have the right to take the opportunity.

VII. 同位語的引導(dǎo)詞。(重要!這是中高級寫作中不可缺少的引導(dǎo)成分)

引導(dǎo)詞用來表示同位語與它所說明的同位成分之間的關(guān)系：

1.namely, that it is, that is to say(也就是說), in other words(換句話說), or, for short 表示等同關(guān)系。

2.such as, say, so to speak(譬如說), including(包括), for instance(或 for example (e.g. / eg)，表示舉例和列舉關(guān)系。

3.especially, mostly, chiefly, or better, in particular, particularly表示突出重點，(在高難度閱讀中表示后面的部分為更重要或更突出的部分，是出題的關(guān)鍵點。)

測試精編：

I. 選擇正確選項：

1. ________ all behavior is learned behavior is a basic assumption of social scientists.

A. Nearly B. That nearly

C. It is nearly D. When nearly

2. The people at the party were worried about Janet because no one was aware ________ she had gone.

A. where that B. of where

C. of the place where D. the place

3. — Susan hasn't written us for a long time. — What do you suppose________ to her?

A. that happened B. happened

C. to happen D. having happened

4. — May I have the loan? ________ you offer good security.

A. But B. Unless C. Provided D. But for

5. Gorillas are quiet animals, ________ they are able to make about twenty different sounds.

A. how B. in spite of C. because of D. even though

6. The little White House in warm springs was the Georgia home of President Franklin-D. Roosevelt ________ there on April 12, 1945.

A. who died B. died C. while died D. he died

7. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of ________ reality.

A. what it is conceived B. that is conceived

C. what is conceived to be D. that is being conceived of

8. Seeds usually germinate ________ the temperature is favorable.

A. if B. whereas C. as a result D. in consequences

9. Francis Preston Blair. Jr, ________ born in Kentucky, lived and practiced in Missouri.

A. was B. he was C. although D. who he was

10. ________, work songs often exhibit the song culture of a people in a fundamental form.

A. They occur where they are B. Occurring where

C. Where they occur D. Where do they occur

新概念英語第三冊語法精粹：虛擬語氣

1. 與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬：

If + did / were + ..., ... would

should

could + do (動詞原形)

might

If I were you, I would go abroad at once. (I am not you.)

If he knew it now, he could help me. (He doesn't know it now.)

2. 與過去事實相反的虛擬：

If + had done + ..., ... would (might) have done ...

If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have phoned you.

(I didn't know your telephone number.)

If you had come here a little earlier just now, you might have met her.

(You didn't come here earlier.)

3. 與將來事實相反的虛擬：

(1) If + should + v., ... would + v.

(可能性很小)(譯作“萬一”)

If it should rain tomorrow, you could stay at home.

If I should fail, what should I do?

(2) If + did / were to + v ..., would + v.

(完全不可能)

If the sun were to rise in the west, I would lend you the money.

If you finished it in 3 minutes, I would give you my car.

金牌特殊重點：

[簡單聯(lián)想記憶]：

● 下列動詞后的“賓語從句”中需要用虛擬形式，即should + 動詞原形，shoud在美國英語中要省略(TOEFL語法考點)。此類常見的動詞有：order, ask, decide, demand, require, recommend, suggest(建議)insist(堅決要求)，advise, etc.

例句：He suggested that we (should) help them with English.

The teacher ordered that the homework (should) be finished within half an hour.

● 下列名詞后的同位語從句中要用“should + 動詞原形”(should可省去)的虛擬。

suggestion, order, request, demand, importance, proposal.

He made a suggestion that we (should) have a fancy dress party.

I think it is a thing of importance that it (should) be done soon.

● It is / was important / necessary / natural / essential / advisable / strange / surprising, ect. + that +主語+ should + v.

It is strange that you should say such a thing.

It was important that you should tell me all the information.

● wish后的賓語從句中，as if 后的狀語從句中，須用下列的虛擬形式：

主 + wish+ (that) + 主 + did / were(指現(xiàn)在)

had done(指過去)

would+ v.(指將來)

I wish that I met my uncle now.

I wish I had met my uncle yesterday.

I wish I could meet my uncle tomorrow.

● It is (high) time that ... + did / were ...

It is time that you went to bed.

● would rather that ... + did / were ...

I would rather that you were not here now.

● would sooner that ... + did / were ...

I would sooner that you got up earlier.

I would sooner that you were not my brother.

測試精編：

I. 選擇正確選項：

1. I ________ he had taught me the word, but he didn't.

A. believe B. hope C. wish D. think

2. The man in charge recommends that this matter ________ at the meeting. A. would be discussed B. will be discussed C. be discussed D. may be discussed

3. It is raining now, otherwise we ________ go out play.

A. could B. can C. may D. will

4. ________ he come late, give him the message.

A. Had B. Should C. Would D. Did

5. Hadn't my car broke down, I ________ the train.

A. would have caught B. might catch C. could catch D. would catch

6. I would have helped him if I had time, but I ________.

A. haven't B. had C. didn't D. wouldn't

7. The dam was built in time to protect the inhabitants from the flood; ________.

A. otherwise the damage would be beyond measure.

B. the damage, otherwise, should be very great.

C. the damage could have been very serious otherwise.