Lesson 51 Predicting the future預測未來
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
What was the 'future' electronic development that Leon Bagrit wasn't able to foresee?
Predicting the future is notoriously difficult. Who could have imagined, in the mid 1970s, for example, that by the end of the 20th century, computers would be as common in people's homes as TV sets? In the 1970s, computers were common enough, but only in big business, government departments, and large organizations. These were the so-called mainframe machines. Mainframe computers were very large indeed, often occupying whole air-conditioned rooms, employing full-time technicians and run on specially-written software. Though these large machines still exist, many of their functions have been taken over by small powerful personal computers, commonly known as PCs.
In 1975, a primitive machine called the Altair, was launched in the USA. It can properly be described as the first 'home computer' and it pointed the way to the future. This was followed, at the end of the 1970s, by a machine called an Apple. In the early 1980s, the computer giant, IBM produced the world's first Personal Computer. This ran on an 'operating system' called DOS, produced by a then small company named Microsoft. The IBM Personal Computer was widely copied. From those humble beginnings, we have seen the development of the user-friendly home computers and multimedia machines which are in common use today.
Considering how recent these developments are, it is even more remarkable that as long ago as the 1960s, an Englishman, Leon Bagrit, was able to predict some of the uses of computers which we know today. Bagrit dismissed the idea that computers would learn to 'think' for themselves and would 'rule the world', which people liked to believe in those days. Bagrit foresaw a time when computers would be small enough to hold in the hand, when they would be capable of providing information about traffic jams and suggesting alternative routes, when they would be used in hospitals to help doctors to diagnose illnesses, when they would relieve office workers and accountants of dull, repetitive clerical work. All these computer uses have become commonplace. Of course, Leon Bagrit could not possibly have foreseen the development of the Internet, the worldwide system that enables us to communicate instantly with anyone in any part of the world by using computers linked to telephone networks. Nor could he have foreseen how we could use the Internet to obtain information on every known subject, so we can read it on a screen in our homes and even print it as well if we want to. Computers have become smaller and smaller, more and more powerful and cheaper and cheaper. This is what makes Leon Bagrit's predictions particularly remarkable. If he, or someone like him, were alive today, he might be able to tell us what to expect in the next fifty years.
參考譯文
眾所周知，預測未來是非常困難的。舉個例子吧，在20世紀70年代中葉又有誰能想得到在20世紀末的時候，家庭用的計算機會像電視機一樣普遍？在70年 代，計算機已經相當普及了，但只用在大公司，政府部門和大的組織之中，它們被稱為主機。計算機主機確實很大，常常占據了裝有空調的多間房間，雇用專職的技 師，而且得用專門編寫的軟件才能運行。雖然這種大計算機仍然存在，但它們的許多功能已被體積小但功能齊全的個人電腦——即我們常說的PC機——所代替了。
1975年，美國推出了一臺被稱為“牛郎星”的原始機型。嚴格地說起來，它可以被稱為第一臺“家用電腦”，而且它也指了今后的方向。70年代末，在牛郎星 之后又出現了一種被稱為“蘋果”的機型。80年代初，計算機行業的王牌公司美國國際商用機器公司（IBM）生產出了世界上第一臺個人電腦。這種電腦采用了 一種被稱為磁盤操作系統（DOS）的工作程序，而這種程序是由當時規模不大的微軟公司生產的。IBM的個人電腦被大規模地模仿。從那些簡陋的初級階段，我 們看到了現在都已普及的、使用簡便的家用電腦和多媒體的微機的發展。
想一想這些發展的時間多么短，就更覺得英國人萊昂.巴格瑞特有著非凡的能力。他在60年代就能預言我們今天知道的計算機的一些用途。巴格瑞特根本不接受計 算機可以學會自己去“思考”和計算可以“統治世界”這種想法，而這種想法是當時的人們都愿意相信的。巴格瑞特預示有一天計算機可以小到拿在手上，計算機可 以使辦公室人員和會計免除那些枯燥、重復的勞動。計算機的所有這些功能現在都變得很平常。當然了，萊昂.巴格瑞特根本沒有可能預測到國際交互網——就是把 計算機連結到電話線路上，以便和世界上任何一個地方的人立即進行聯系的一個世界范圍的通訊系統——的發展。他也無法預測到我們可以利用國際交互網獲取有關 任何已知專題的信息，以便在家里的屏幕上閱讀，如果愿意的話甚至可以將其打印出來。計算機已經變得體積越來越小，功能越來越多，價格越來越低，這就是萊 昂.巴格瑞特的預測非凡的地方。如果他或是像他的什么人今天還活著的話，他大概可以告訴我們下一個50年后會發生什么事情。
New words and expressions 生詞和短語
notoriously
adv. （尤指因壞事）眾所周知地
full-time
adj. 專職的
technician
n. 技師
software
n. 軟件
IBM
（美國）國際商用機器公司（International Business Machines）
DOS
磁盤操作系統（Disk Operating System）
Microsoft
n. （美國）微軟公司
user-friendly
adj. 容易操作的，好用的
mainframe
n. 主機，中央處理機
multimedia
adj. 多媒體的
alternative
adj. 選擇的
diagnose
v. 診斷
relieve
v. 減輕
accountant
n. 會計
repetitive
adj. 重復的
clerical
adj. 辦公室工作的
Internet
n. 國際交互網
network
n. 網絡
Notes on the text課文注釋
1 in the mid 1970s，在20世紀70年代中葉。
2 so-called，號稱，所謂的。
3 Mainframe computers were very large indeed...software，在這句話中，現在分詞短語occupying和cmploying以及過去分詞短語run均作主語mainframe computers的修飾成分。
4 take over，接收，接管。
5 home computer，家用電腦。
6 a then small company，那時候規模尚小的一個公司。
7 dismiss the idea that ...，不考慮...這個想法。
8 the Internet, the worldwide system that...，后面的這個短語用來進一步說明名詞the Internet,是它的同位語,這種用法在科技類的文章中很常見。
Lesson 51 課后練習和答案Exercises and Answer
