Lesson 12 Banks and their customers銀行和顧客
First listen and then answer the following question.聽(tīng)錄音，然后回答以下問(wèn)題。
Why is there no risk to the customer when a bank prints the customer's name on his cheques?
When anyone opens a current account at a bank, he is lending the bank money, repayment of which he may demand at any time, either in cash or by drawing a cheque in favour of another person. Primarily, the banker-customer relationship is that of debtor and creditor -- who is which depending on whether the customer's account is in credit or is overdrawn. But, in addition to that basically simple concept, the bank and its customer owe a large number of obligations to one another. Many of these obligations can give in to problems and complications but a bank customer, unlike, say, a buyer of goods, cannot complain that the law is loaded against him.
任何人在銀行開一個(gè)活期賬戶，就等于把錢借給了銀行。這筆錢他可以隨時(shí)提取，提取的方式可以是取現(xiàn)金，也可以是開一張以他人為收款人的支票。銀行與儲(chǔ)戶的 關(guān)系主要是債務(wù)人和債權(quán)人的關(guān)系。究竟誰(shuí)是債務(wù)人誰(shuí)是債權(quán)人，要看儲(chǔ)戶是有結(jié)余還是透支。除了這一基本的簡(jiǎn)單的概念外，銀行和儲(chǔ)戶彼此還需承擔(dān)大量義務(wù)。 其中許多義務(wù)往往引起問(wèn)題和糾紛。但是儲(chǔ)戶不能像貨物的買主那樣來(lái)抱怨法律對(duì)自己不利。
The bank must obey its customer's instructions, and not those of anyone else. When, for example, a customer first opens an account, he instructs the bank to debit his account only in respect of cheques draw by himself. He gives the bank specimens of his signature, and there is a very firm rule that the bank has no right or authority to pay out a customer's money on a cheques on which its customer's signature has been forged. It makes no difference that the forgery may have been a very skilful one: the bank must recognize its customer's signature. For this reason there is no risk to the customer in the practice, adopted by banks, of printing the customer's name on his cheques. If this facilitates forgery, it is the bank which will lose, not the customer.
銀行必須遵照儲(chǔ)戶的囑托辦事，不能聽(tīng)從其他人的指令。比如，儲(chǔ)戶首次在銀行開戶時(shí)，囑咐銀行他的存款只能憑本世人簽字的支票來(lái)提取。他把自己簽名的樣本交 給銀行，對(duì)此有一條非常嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定：銀行沒(méi)有任何權(quán)利或理由把儲(chǔ)戶的錢讓偽造儲(chǔ)戶的支票取走。即使偽造得很巧妙，也不能付款，因?yàn)殂y行有責(zé)任辨認(rèn)出其儲(chǔ)戶 的簽名。因此，某些銀行已采用把儲(chǔ)戶印在支票上的作法。這種做法對(duì)儲(chǔ)戶毫無(wú)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。如果因這種作法出現(xiàn)了偽造的話，受損失的將不是儲(chǔ)戶，而是銀行。
New words and expressions 生詞和短語(yǔ)
current
adj. 通用的，流行的
account
n. 賬戶
cash
n. 現(xiàn)金
debtor
n. 支票
debtor
n. 借方
creditor
n. 貸方
obligation
n. 義務(wù)
complication
n. 糾紛
debit
v. 把...記入借方
specimen
n. 樣本
forge
v. 偽造
forgery
n. 偽造（文件，簽名等）
adopt
v. 采用
facilitate
v. 使便利
Notes on the text課文注釋
1 open a current account , 開一個(gè)活期帳號(hào)。
2 draw a cheque in favour of ... 開一張以...為收款人的支票。
3 who is which depending on ... is overdrawn , 這是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ) depending on... is overdrawn 的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。who is which 是粉刺短語(yǔ)意思上的主語(yǔ)，which 代表 debtor or creditor。
4 give rise to , 引起。
5 be loaded against ... 與...不利。
Lesson 12 課后練習(xí)和答案Exercises and Answer
