精讀絕對(duì)有用，但是大多數(shù)小“烤鴨”們不是 “精讀”，是“經(jīng)讀”——只把文中不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞查 出來(lái)，今天小編給大家?guī)?lái)了精讀雅思文章的正確方法，希望能幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。
【雅思閱讀提升】精讀雅思文章的正確方法 這3步缺一不可
對(duì)于雅思文章的精讀主要包括三個(gè)方面：對(duì)于單詞詞義的理解，對(duì)于句子的理解，以及對(duì)于文章結(jié)構(gòu)的理解。這三個(gè)方面層層深入，緊密結(jié)合。
一、理解詞義
理解詞義，顧名思義即是弄清楚文中不認(rèn)識(shí)的生詞的具體含義。在第一遍看文章時(shí)，我們重點(diǎn)在于做題，所以都是快速閱讀，即skim加上scan。此時(shí)若遇到生詞都是根據(jù)上下文(context)去猜測(cè)詞義。而精讀時(shí)，對(duì)于第一遍不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞要全部用字典查出意思，即剛才猜測(cè)出大概含義的詞匯，并且要整理到單詞本上去。當(dāng)然對(duì)于這些生詞考生們實(shí)際上是要區(qū)別對(duì)待的。有些比較生僻的話題詞匯只要認(rèn)知就好，不需要掌握具體用法，比如C9T1P1文章中A 段第六行有個(gè)單詞cog, 解釋為鈍齒，這個(gè)單詞詞義特殊，且在文中跟題目沒(méi)有必然聯(lián)系，不影響做題，屬于較生僻的詞匯，看到能通過(guò)上下文推測(cè)出含義即可，不需要死記硬背。而另一些詞匯，尤其是動(dòng)詞，要掌握它們的具體用法包括搭配，以期能在自己的寫作中加以靈活運(yùn)用。例如文中E段第四行有個(gè)動(dòng)詞addressed, 考生們掌握的都是這個(gè)單詞的名詞含義“地址”，雖然通過(guò)上下文不難推測(cè)出是“提出”的意思，但是該詞要怎么用則需要結(jié)合字典包括文中例句更好地理解。文中說(shuō)questions that would have to be addressed by the global community before any reply could be sent,考生寫作文時(shí)也可以借鑒一下，例如想表達(dá)某人提出觀點(diǎn)，就可以說(shuō)someone addressed that。此外，文中經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些同義詞，考生可以將這些詞整理下來(lái)，因?yàn)橥x替換是雅思閱讀考察的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)，通過(guò)對(duì)這些同義詞的整理，我們不僅可以知道考試常考的同義替換，同時(shí)也能借鑒到自己的寫作當(dāng)中去，畢竟詞語(yǔ)多樣性是寫作評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之一。例如文章中表示外星人時(shí)，用到的詞和表達(dá)有extra- terrestrial intelligence, alien civilization, other life form等，這種類似的同義替換在雅思閱讀文章中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)，考生們還可以精讀一下劍橋真題8 Test 3 Passage 2。
二、理解句子
單詞理解好了，下一步自然就是理解句子。雅思閱讀中經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些長(zhǎng)難句，而有些考生一看到這些，就立馬神經(jīng)緊張，不知道如何下手了。大多數(shù)長(zhǎng)難句只是外形嚇人，其實(shí)是個(gè)紙老虎。例如文章A段最后一句話It is even possible that the older civilization may pass on the benefits of their experience in dealing with threats to survival such as nuclear war and global pollution, and other threats that we haven’t yet discovered. 乍一看，有好幾個(gè)that, 看上去較復(fù)雜，但其實(shí)我們要做的事情就是提煉主干，找出主謂賓。這句話主語(yǔ)是it, 謂語(yǔ)is, that引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句，一直到句尾，這樣句子大意即是較老的文明也許能夠?qū)⑺麄兲幚硗{的經(jīng)驗(yàn)傳播下去。而在主語(yǔ)從句中又出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)threats 的并列，這兩個(gè)threats的定語(yǔ)也值得借鑒，第一個(gè)是用to do結(jié)構(gòu)做定語(yǔ)，而第二個(gè)threats則是用that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，這點(diǎn)符合我們寫作評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的句型多樣化，非常值得學(xué)習(xí)。
當(dāng)然不是每個(gè)句子都需要這么揣摩的，時(shí)間和精力都不允許。考生只需要將與題目相關(guān)的句子理解透徹，結(jié)構(gòu)分析清晰就可以了。
三、理解文章結(jié)構(gòu)
當(dāng)詞語(yǔ)句型都看懂之后，第三步就是學(xué)習(xí)研究文章結(jié)構(gòu)了。西方的學(xué)術(shù)文章大體遵循總分總或者總分的結(jié)構(gòu)，即introduction, main body, summary三部曲或者introduction, main body二重奏。而文章的每個(gè)段落也遵循這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)。研究文章結(jié)構(gòu)的目的是為了能從宏觀上把握文章的布局特點(diǎn)，這樣下次讀雅思文章時(shí)能快速定位答案，尤其是 list of headings這個(gè)題型，同時(shí)也對(duì)于寫作起到參考作用。這篇文章第一段交待了話題背景，即為什么要尋找外星生命，主題段落即B,C,D,E四段介紹了尋找外星生命的一些嘗試及方法，以及可能出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果。而在每段內(nèi)部，基本也遵循這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)原則，例如B段，第一句即是主旨句，概括了該段的大意。理解了學(xué)術(shù)文章的寫作特點(diǎn)，我們?cè)诮窈蟮拈喿x練習(xí)中可以加以靈活運(yùn)用，節(jié)約做題時(shí)間，提高解題正確率。
綜上，雅思閱讀的精讀最主要的是對(duì)詞語(yǔ)、句意以及文章結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的理解和揣摩，以達(dá)到舉一反三的目的，希望考生們?cè)诮窈蟮膶W(xué)習(xí)考試中，能靈活運(yùn)用文章中所學(xué)的知識(shí)
雅思考試閱讀模擬試題及答案解析
Rogue theory of smell gets a boost
1. A controversial theory of how we smell， which claims that our fine sense of odour depends on quantum mechanics， has been given the thumbs up by a team of physicists.
2. Calculations by researchers at University College London (UCL) show that the idea that we smell odour molecules by sensing their molecular vibrations makes sense in terms of the physics involved.
3. That’s still some way from proving that the theory， proposed in the mid-1990s by biophysicist Luca Turin， is correct. But it should make other scientists take the idea more seriously.
4. “This is a big step forward，” says Turin， who has now set up his own perfume company Flexitral in Virginia. He says that since he published his theory， “it has been ignored rather than criticized.”
5. Most scientists have assumed that our sense of smell depends on receptors in the nose detecting the shape of incoming molecules， which triggers a signal to the brain. This molecular ’lock and key’ process is thought to lie behind a wide range of the body’s detection systems： it is how some parts of the immune system recognise invaders， for example， and how the tongue recognizes some tastes.
6. But Turin argued that smell doesn’t seem to fit this picture very well. Molecules that look almost identical can smell very different — such as alcohols， which smell like spirits， and thiols， which smell like rotten eggs. And molecules with very different structures can smell similar. Most strikingly， some molecules can smell different — to animals， if not necessarily to humans — simply because they contain different isotopes (atoms that are chemically identical but have a different mass)。
7. Turin’s explanation for these smelly facts invokes the idea that the smell signal in olfactory receptor proteins is triggered not by an odour molecule’s shape， but by its vibrations， which can enourage an electron to jump between two parts of the receptor in a quantum-mechanical process called tunnelling. This electron movement could initiate the smell signal being sent to the brain.
8. This would explain why isotopes can smell different： their vibration frequencies are changed if the atoms are heavier. Turin’s mechanism， says Marshall Stoneham of the UCL team， is more like swipe-card identification than a key fitting a lock.
9. Vibration-assisted electron tunnelling can undoubtedly occur — it is used in an experimental technique for measuring molecular vibrations. “The question is whether this is possible in the nose，” says Stoneham’s colleague， Andrew Horsfield.
10. Stoneham says that when he first heard about Turin’s idea， while Turin was himself based at UCL， “I didn’t believe it”。 But， he adds， “because it was an interesting idea， I thought I should prove it couldn’t work. I did some simple calculations， and only then began to feel Luca could be right.” Now Stoneham and his co-workers have done the job more thoroughly， in a paper soon to be published in Physical Review Letters.
11. The UCL team calculated the rates of electron hopping in a nose receptor that has an odorant molecule bound to it. This rate depends on various properties of the biomolecular system that are not known， but the researchers could estimate these parameters based on typical values for molecules of this sort.
12. The key issue is whether the hopping rate with the odorant in place is significantly greater than that without it. The calculations show that it is — which means that odour identification in this way seems theoretically possible.
13. But Horsfield stresses that that’s different from a proof of Turin’s idea. “So far things look plausible， but we need proper experimental verification. We’re beginning to think about what experiments could be performed.”
14. Meanwhile， Turin is pressing ahead with his hypothesis. “At Flexitral we have been designing odorants exclusively on the basis of their computed vibrations，” he says. “Our success rate at odorant discovery is two orders of magnitude better than the competition.” At the very least， he is putting his money where his nose is.
Questions 1-4
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? Please write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the writer
FALSE if the statement does not agree with the writer
NOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage
1. The result of the study at UCL agrees with Turin’s theory.
2. The study at UCL could conclusively prove what Luca Turin has hypothesized.
3. Turin left his post at UCL and started his own business because his theory was ignored.
4. The molecules of alcohols and those of thiols look alike.
Questions 5-9
Complete the sentences below with words from the passage. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
5. The hypothesis that we smell by sensing the molecular vibration was made by ______.
6. Turin’s company is based in ______.
7. Most scientists believed that our nose works in the same way as our ______.
8. Different isotopes can smell different when ______ weigh differently.
9. According to Audrew Horsfield， it is still to be proved that ______ could really occur in human nose.
Question 10-12
Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
10. What’s the name of the researcher who collaborated with Stoneham?
11. What is the next step of the UCL team’s study?
12. What is the theoretical basis in designing odorants in Turin’s company?
(by Zhou Hong)
Answer Keys and Explanations
1. T 見(jiàn)第一段。“give sth the thumbs up”為“接受“的意思。
2. F 見(jiàn)第三段。 “That’s still some way from proving that the theory， proposed in the mid- 1990s by biophysicist Luca Turin， is correct.”意即“現(xiàn)在尚無(wú)法證實(shí)生物物理學(xué)家Luca在九十年代中期提出的理論是否正確。”
3. NG
4. T 見(jiàn)第六段 “Molecules that look almost identical can smell very different — such as alcohols， which smell like spirits， and thiols， which smell like rotten eggs.”“identical” 一詞是“完全相同”的意思。這句話是說(shuō)alcohols和thiols的分子結(jié)構(gòu)看起來(lái)一樣，但是它們的味道卻相去甚遠(yuǎn)。
5. Luca Turin 文章第二，三和七段均可看出Luca的理論即人類的鼻子是通過(guò)感覺(jué)氣味分子的震動(dòng)來(lái)分辨氣味的。
6. Virginia 見(jiàn)第四段。
7. tongue 見(jiàn)第五段 “This molecular ’lock and key’ process is thought to lie behind a wide range of the body’s detection systems： it is how some parts of the immune system recognise invaders， for example， and how the tongue recognizes some tastes.”
8. the atoms 見(jiàn)第八段 “This would explain why isotopes can smell different： their vibration frequencies are changed if the atoms are heavier.”
9. vibration-assisted electron tunneling 見(jiàn)第九段 ““The question is whether this is possible in the nose，” says Stoneham’s colleague， Andrew Horsfield.” 句中的代詞“this”指句首的“vibration-assisted electron tunneling”。
10. Andrew Horsfield 見(jiàn)第九段結(jié)尾。
11.proper experimental verification 見(jiàn)第十三段。
12.their computed vibrations 見(jiàn)第十四段
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