約翰·沃爾夫?qū)?middot;馮·歌德，德國(guó)著名思想家、作家、科學(xué)家，他是魏瑪?shù)墓诺渲髁x最著名的代表。下面是小編為你整理的歌德英語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)介，希望對(duì)你有用!
約翰·沃爾夫?qū)?middot;馮·歌德簡(jiǎn)介
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (August 28, 1722 - March 22, 1832), was born in Frankfurt am Main, a famous German thinker, writer, scientist, he is Weimar The most famous representative of classicalism. And as a writer of poetry, drama and prose works, he is one of the greatest German writers, but also an outstanding figure in the field of world literature. He wrote a play in 1773, "Gertz von Bethlein", from the famous German literary world. 1774 published a "juvenile Witt's troubles", but also made him fame. In 1776 began to serve Weimar Principality. 1831 completed the "Faust", the following year in Weimar died.
約翰·沃爾夫?qū)?middot;馮·歌德寫作特點(diǎn)
Goethe not only good painting, extensive research on the natural sciences, its creation includes lyrics, no rhyme free poetry, group poems, long narrative poems, herdsmen poems, historical poems, historical drama, tragedy, drama, novels, short stories, educational novels , Epistolary novels and autobiographical poetry, prose and other genres of literary works. The most famous is the epistolary novel "Juvenile Witt's troubles" (1774), poetic philosophy tragedy "Faust" (1774 ~ 1831) and the novel "William Masters" (1775 ~ 1828). "Youth to maintain the trouble" because of a generation of young anti-feudal voice, by the masses warm welcome, so that Goethe from the enjoyment of the world's voice. "Faust" based on the German 16th century on the legend of Dr. Faust, to the processing and transformation. Is the rise of the European bourgeoisie bourgeois advanced people continue to explore, the pursuit of art summary. The tragedy is not only the structure of the magnificent, colorful, into the realism, romanticism and symbolism as a whole, and let the main characters Faust and the devil Felicity of the whole words and deeds are formed good and evil, line and love, The dialectical development of relations.
The brilliant achievement of Goethe's life, especially the later creation, is inseparable from his adherence to this principle of realism. Goethe had led the frantic movement in his early years and preferred romanticism. But later realized that the romantic "morbid", turned to classicalism. Goethe advocated by classicalism, in essence, is realism. Realism is a focus of Goethe's later theoretical thinking. In the historical process of the development of Western realism theory, Goethe's realist literary thought is regarded as a milestone, which has given the development of European realist literature directly and forcefully. The European critique of the realist literary movement, which emerged in the 1930s and 1930s, was clearly influenced by the profound literary and artistic thoughts of Goethe.
He does not attempt to "embody something of abstraction" in his work, but merely "sensible, vivid, lovable, colorful", "impression", "artistic" Processing, through the "vivid description" to provide to people. Goethe here does not specify the source of "impression", but the content of the whole paragraph is not difficult to understand, the so-called "impression" is not anything else, and it is the objective reality of life in the writer's subjective consciousness Writers in the social practice of a "view" of objective life. Because he thinks this is the real basis and basis of literary creation.
Goethe talked with Ekman about the creation of Faust, who, on the one hand, admitted that "there is no line of poems without a clear and in-depth study of the world and life of the clear signs", on the other hand he said: "I If you do not put the world in the heart, I will turn a blind eye, ... ... we are surrounded by light and color, but our eyes if there is no light and color, also can not see the outside of light and color. He said the "premonition" and the eyes of the "light and color", that is, the writer can dynamically stimulate and predict the psychological conditions of life, or the creation of the main body should have a harsh, spiritual, Psychological form. From this can be read out of such a meaning: literary creators of the specific things outside the feelings and grasp, depending on the corresponding subject conditions, if you do not have this condition, the objective existence of things even if it does not become meaningful Object, and thus can not lead to his creative impulse.
約翰·沃爾夫?qū)?middot;馮·歌德人物影響
"Faust" works with Homer's epic, Dante's "Divine Comedy" and Shakespeare's "Hamlet" tied for the four classic European literature, "William Meister" points "learning era" and "roaming era" Two.
Goethe has a great influence on world literature. His work is translated into 48 languages, is an important part of the classic. Goethe knows a variety of languages, familiar with the European countries in the historical era of literary works and forms, he translated, parody or writing the style of these works. "Faust" is simply a collection of European literary traditions. Goethe also has a strong interest in folk songs around the world, and actively collect works outside the mainstream of Europe. He participated in the "world literature" is the most prominent example of the two poems "Western poetry" and "Sino-German four seasons faint chant." The former was influenced by Persian poet Hafez, who was influenced by Chinese drama and novels. Goethe hopes to understand the culture to improve the tolerance, his "world literature" should be called "cross-cultural communication" refers to a series of global dialogue and exchange. In these dialogues and exchanges, the commonality of different cultures is becoming more and more obvious, personality has not been denied. Goethe's understanding of the world's various cultures through extensive academic reading, textual translation, and tolerance of these views, calmly accept or ignore them. Goethe agrees with Kant's ideas of art and science. His scientific practice and "world literature" practice is to find all the living body in different manifestation of unity and harmony.
Goethe works into China is probably around the Wuxu. In 1922, Guo Moruo full translation of the "juvenile Witt troubles" was officially published, then he gradually translated "Faust". It is worth mentioning that Goethe's works have played a positive role in the Chinese Enlightenment. After the founding of new China, with the development of Sino-German cultural exchanges, Goethe and his works like a flashing star, in China, the more brilliant light. People's Literature Publishing House published a collection of three generations of Chinese Goethe researchers and translators academic achievements of the ten volumes of "Goethe Collection", a Sino-German cultural exchange in the history of a major event. In the 1930s, "Faust" has entered the university classroom, in some schools to open the "Western classics read" class was studied. To the eve of the outbreak of the war, just a dozen years, Goethe's main works in addition to "William Mansi's roaming era" and "affinity" two long translation, almost all have the Chinese translation. Goethe's popularity in China is evident.
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