Lesson 15 Good news佳音
First listen and then answer the question.聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
What was the good news?
The secretary told me that Mr Harmsworth would see me. I felt very nervous when I went into his office.
秘書告訴我說哈姆斯沃斯先生要見我。我走進(jìn)他的辦公室，感到非常緊張。我進(jìn)去的時(shí)候
He did not look up from his desk when I entered. After I had sat down, he said that business was very bad.
他連頭也沒抬。待我坐下后，他說生意非常不景氣
He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries. Twenty people had already left.
他還告訴我，公司支付不起這么龐大的工資開支，有20個(gè)人已經(jīng)離去
I knew that my turn had come.
我知道這次該輪到我了
'Mr Harmsworth' I said in a weak voice.
“哈姆斯沃斯先生” 我無力地說
'Don't interrupt' he Said.
“不要打斷我的話” 他說
Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra &1000 a year!
然后他微笑了一下告訴我說，我每年將得到1,000 英鎊的額外收入！
New words and expressions 生詞和短語
secretary
n. 秘書
nervous
adj. 精神緊張的
afford
v. 負(fù)擔(dān)得起
weak
adj. 弱的
interrupt
v. 插話，打斷
Notes on the text課文注釋
1 look up，抬頭看。
2 could not afford to…，不可能支付，afford為“有能力做,常和can, could連用。
3 I knew that my turn had come.我知道這次該輪到我了。my turn指上文中有人被公司解雇這件事。
Lesson 15 自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀First things first
課文詳注 Further notes on the text1．The secretary told me that Mr. Harmsworth would see me. 秘書告訴我說哈姆斯沃斯先生要見我。
would 在這里不是表示單純的過去將來時(shí)，而是表示“想……”、“要……”的意思：
What would you like to have?
你想要吃（喝）什么？
John wouldn't lend me his bicycle.
約翰不愿意把他的自行車借給我。
2．He did not look up from his desk when I entered. 我進(jìn)去的時(shí)候，他連頭也沒抬。
在這句話的look up中，look是它的本義“看”、“瞧”。look up一般表示原先在埋頭干什么之后抬頭看：
He looked up(from his book)when he heard a noise.
他聽到聲音后就抬起了頭。（原先在讀書）
3．I knew that my turn had come. 我知道這次該輪到我了。
turn在這里是名詞，意為“輪流”、“輪班”、“（依次輪流時(shí)各自的）一次機(jī)會(huì)”：
I have already asked two questions. Now it's your turn.
我已經(jīng)問了兩個(gè)問題。該輪到你了。
When his turn came, he couldn't speak any word.
輪到他時(shí)，他卻一個(gè)字也說不出來。
4．‘Mr. Harmsworth,’I said in a weak voice.“哈姆斯沃斯先生，”我無力地說。
weak在這里不是指身體虛弱，而是指聲音“微弱”、“無力”，因?yàn)榕卤婚_除而感到緊張。
5．Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra thousand pounds a year!
然后他微笑了一下告訴我說，我每年將得到1，000英鎊的額外收入。
（1）extra 表示“額外的”、“外加的”、“份外的”：
On Sundays, I usually get some extra sleep.
星期天我通常要多睡一會(huì)兒。
Last month, he was paid an extra hundred pounds.
他上個(gè)月多得了100英鎊。
（2）a在這里可譯為“每一”：
I went to London once a month.
我每月去一次倫敦。
Jack telephoned Pauline four times a day.
杰克每天給波琳打4次電話。
語法 Grammar in use
間接引語（Indirect speech）
把某人所說的話告訴另外一個(gè)人時(shí)，應(yīng)該使用間接引語（有的語法書稱之為“轉(zhuǎn)述引語”）。引述動(dòng)詞（如say，tell）可能是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，也可能是過去時(shí) （最常用）。間接陳述句的時(shí)態(tài)往往受引述動(dòng)詞的影響。引述陳述句時(shí)最常用的動(dòng)詞是say和tell。它們之間的區(qū)別是tell后面必須跟表示人稱的間接賓 語（tell sb….），而say后面則可跟或不跟to +講話對(duì)象。如果需要提到聽話者，tell +間接賓語通常比say + to +sb. 更常用。在say和tell后面一般不可加逗號(hào)。如果間接引語中的引述動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，那么其后的時(shí)態(tài)通常與原來口頭陳述句的時(shí)態(tài)相同。轉(zhuǎn)述剛剛說完的話時(shí) 通常如此；引述動(dòng)詞如果是過去時(shí)，那么間接引語中的時(shí)態(tài)通常要“往回移”（即“倒移”）。一條普遍的規(guī)則是“現(xiàn)在時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去時(shí)，過去時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去完成時(shí)”。 直接引語：
‘I can see him now!’
“我現(xiàn)在可以見他！”
間接引語：
Didn't Mr.Smith see you?
史密斯先生沒見你嗎?
No,his secretary told me / said that he had gone home.
沒有，他的秘書(告訴我)說他已經(jīng)回家了。
詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
1．nervous adj.
（1）神經(jīng)質(zhì)的，神經(jīng)緊張的：
She is a nervous woman. Do you see that nervous smile on her face?
她是個(gè)神經(jīng)質(zhì)的女人。你看見她臉上那種神經(jīng)質(zhì)的微笑了嗎？
（2）緊張的，擔(dān)心的，情緒不安的：
I feel very nervous before exams.
我在考試前感到非常緊張。
He had never spoken in public, so he was very nervous.
他從未當(dāng)眾講過話，因此他非常緊張。
（3）與nervous容易混淆的另一個(gè)詞是 irritable（易怒的，急躁的）：
Our teacher is an irritable old lady. She gets angry easily.
我們的老師是位脾氣急躁的老太太。她很容易生氣。
2．a(chǎn)fford vt.
（1）買得起（常與can連用）：
We can/can't afford a car this year.
我們今年買得起/買不起小汽車。
（2）擔(dān)負(fù)得起（損失、后果等），花得起（時(shí)間）（常與can連用）：
I can't afford to be ill again.
我不能再病了。
I can only afford one week for the trip.
我只能為這次旅行抽出一周的時(shí)間。
（3）提供，給予：
Joe afforded us a room for the night.
那天晚上喬為我們提供了一個(gè)房間過夜。
Lesson 15 課后練習(xí)和答案Exercises and Answer
