上海中級口譯閱讀復習要點

中級口譯閱讀復習要點
　　1.全面掌握基本語法點，重點記住各個項目中的“偏，特，難”點;
　　2.掌握常用習慣用法和詞組;
　　3.注意在閱讀中培養語感，因為在語篇層次上培養的語感往往可以直接幫助答題;
　　4.研究以往考試試題，適當做些練習記住典型題例;
　　5.練習時應快速閱讀文章本體，速度大約為200 字/分鐘。重點是掌握文章大意及每一段大概，仔細閱讀第一段和每一段的首句;
　　6.做題的關鍵是每一題必須能從原文中找到出處，也就是能夠證明這道題正確答案的部分，千萬不要憑印象。
　　在閱讀過程中，抓文章的主題思想，是對文中具體內容理解的關鍵。
　　主題思想(the Main Idea)是作者在文章中要表達的核心內容，也是作者自始至終要說明的問題。能否抓住一篇文章的主題思想，體現了讀者總結、概括和歸納事物的能力。可以說，找出主題思想是一項十分重要的閱讀技能。
　　一、抓主題思想，我們首先要學會識別文章中那些最根本、最具有概括力的信息。這種
　　信息應能歸納和概括文中其他信息所具有的共性。例一：
　　Directions：Choose the most general sentence.
　　A.The hotel offers complimentary coffee from 7to 10a.m.daily.
　　B.There are many reasons why guests feel at home at the Glorietta Bay Inn.
　　C.The coin-operated laundry room has an ironing board.
　　D.There are a number of extra services at the Glorietta Bay Inn including baby-sitting.
　　A、C、D 都是從不同的側面說明旅館的服務情況，相互間并無聯系。而B 卻概括了A、C、D 的共性的東西，即：為什么旅客住在這家旅館里有賓至如歸的感覺。因此，B 符合題意，倘若在一段文章中包含了以上A、B、C、D 幾條信息，那么，B 就是該段的中心思想。
　　出于同樣的道理，如果在一篇文章中，作者分段敘述幾方面的內容，那么，這些段落所圍繞和要說明的問題就是該文的中心思想。例二：
　　Directions：Choose the main idea of the article.(Following are the topic sentences of an
　　article.)
　　1)A mounting body of evidence suggests that fighting violence with violence rarely deters a
　　crime in progress and greatly increases the chances of changing a robbery into a violent attack on the victim....
　　2)One report shows that at least 100 thousand handguns are stolen from private owners each
　　year，the vast majority during burglaries....
　　3)Moreover，a study of robberies in eight American cities states that in less than 4 percent of the crimes did the victim have the opportunity to use a weapon....
　　Which of the following best reflects the main idea of the article?
　　A.What happens to the victims of crime?
　　B.Is your family safe?
　　C.Should you arm yourself against crime?
　　第一段和第三段提到了victims(受害者)，第二段提到了入室行竊，但是第三段說明的共同問題是人們是否應擁有自衛武器來反對犯罪行為。因此只有選項C 才能概括這三段所共同說明的問題，也就是此文的中心思想。
　　二、主題思想應能恰如其分地概括文中所闡述的內容。
　　面不能太窄，即：不足以概括全部內容;但是面也不能太寬，即：包含了文中沒有闡述的內容。例三：
　　Directions：Read the following and choose the title that best expresses the ideas of the
　　passage.
　　There is a simple economic principle used to determine prices.It is called the law of supply
　　and demand.Supply means the amount of，or access to，certain goods.Demand represents the
　　number of people who want those goods.If there are more goods than wanted，the price of them
　　falls.On the other hand，if the demand for those goods is much greater than the supply， then the price rises.Of course，manufacturers prefer to sell more goods at increased
　　price.
　　A.Economic Principles
　　B.Law of Supply and Demand
　　C.M ore Goods，Lower Prices
　　D.Fewer Goods，Higher Prices
　　該問題，A 泛指經濟規律，面過寬;C 和D 只是供需規則的二個單獨的方面，不能包含全部，面太窄。正確的答案是B，因為這正是該短文自始至終談論的主題。
　　三、一段文章的中心思想常常由主題句(Topic Sentence)表達。主題句常常位于段首或段尾處，間或出　　　現在段落中間。同樣，一篇文章的中心思想也常常在開始或結尾段點出。
　　因此在閱讀中，我們要特別注意文章的開頭或結尾。例四：
　　English is clearly an international language.It is spoken by pilots and airport control operators
　　on all the airways of the world.Over 70 percent of the world"s radio programs are in English.
　　本段主題句為首句，其后的內容句均說明首句。例五：
　　Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do.Others prefer to be
　　left to work on their own.Still others like a democratic discussion type of class.No one teaching
　　method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.
　　本段中心思想在結尾句得到體現，它是此段內容的結論。例六：
　　For adults a cold is not that serious.However，this is not the case for children.Cold symptoms in children may be signs of more serious diseases and should be given prompt
　　medical attention.
　　本段主題句為第二句，因為在however 后面才是作者真正的看法，并在下文中進一步作
　　了說明。
　　然而，我們也常常發現，有的主題思想并非直接由一、二個句子表述，而是在文中間接
　　暗示著。這就需要讀者根據文中細節進行概括與歸納，找出主題思想。例七：
　　It"s no wonder that we have so many rejections for physical reasons in our Selective
　　Service.Since October of 1948，some six million young men have been examined for military
　　duty.Of these，more than a million were rejected as physically unfit for military service.To get two men today，the United States Army must call seven men.Of the five rejected three
　　are turned down for physical reasons and two for mental problems.To get the 196thousand
　　additional men we needed for Berlin，the government had to call up 750 thousand men.And the
　　rejection rate is increasing each year.The reason for this problem is that we are underexercised as a nation.We look，instead of play.We ride，instead of walk.The way we live prevents us from being healthy.
　　本段中找不到某一句作為主題。根據文中的內容進行歸納，可找出主題思想，即：“The military"s rejection rate for physical reason is increasing because this nation"s lack of exercise is
　　leading to poor health.”
　　在確定一篇文章的中心思想時，我們通常用快讀的方法，從頭至尾將全文瀏覽一遍，注意不要被個別詞、句難住而停下來。要從上下文的連貫意思上來理解全文，看看全文談論的是什么主題(Subject)、作者是從哪幾個方面(Aspects)來進行闡述的、有關這個主題我們了解了些什么。這樣，就可以比較有把握地概括出中心思想了。