雅思閱讀的精讀訓練

由天下分享時間：2022-04-02 23:27:17 加入收藏我要投稿點贊

雅思閱讀的精讀訓練真的沒有效果么?方法不對而已，今天小編給大家帶來了雅思閱讀的精讀訓練，希望能幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

雅思閱讀的精讀訓練真的沒有效果么?

怎么讀才是精讀?

精讀意味著仔細讀，認真讀，讀到骨頭里，不要只查查詞，看看句子意思。如果是這樣, 這還沒達到精讀的深度。

舉個例子 513

For many environmentalists, the world seems to be getting worse. They have developed a hit-list of our main fears: that natural resources are running out; that the population is ever growing, leaving less and less to eat; that species are becoming extinct in vast numbers, and that the planet's air and water are becoming ever more polluted.

精讀的步驟

第一步從詞匯(單詞, 短語)入手：把句子里的單詞(主要是動詞，形容詞，副詞)這三類詞達到認知程度, 拓展同義詞,派生詞等，因為根據雅思閱讀考點的出現頻率看，這三類詞最容易被替換。如果時間允許，再看看名詞里的抽象名詞，物質名詞采取猜詞技巧可以解決。例如以上的句子：

動詞：

run out(拓展 exhaust/use up, 例如832 );

grow(拓展growth/increase/progress….例如441);

leave(拓展不僅表示“留下來，離開的意思，還可以表示使處于某種狀態, 例如721);

eat(拓展 feed, 例如412);

extinct(拓展extinction/die out 例如513);

pollute(拓展 pollution/pollutant 例如532);

形容詞和副詞：worse; main; natural; less; vast;

名詞：environmentalist; fear; resource; population; species; planet;

第二步從語法結構入手：分清句子的主謂賓或主系表;如果是復合句或長難句，拆分成簡單句;例如: They have developed a hit-list of our main fears: that …..; that ……..; that…….., and that ……….. 此句后面的冒號是解釋說明,后面有四個小分句;

第三步從段落結構入手: 分析段落內的連貫和銜接關系,并分析段落中的句子是如何銜接的. 例如: 以上的段落是總分結構總: For many environmentalists, the world seems to be getting worse. 分: They have developed a hit-list of our main fears: that …; that …..; that .,…., and that …..

第四步試著用不同的單詞，不同的語法結構進行改寫(paraphrase)，這個步驟稱為“二度創作” 。剛開始訓練時比較痛苦，因為在腦海中要搜尋學過的東西加以整理，這本身就是一個需要思考的過程。等訓練多了形成自己的思維體系及語言表達能力后，輸出改寫就會得心應手了。例如上一段的改寫

A number of environmentalists hold a pessimistic view of the earth. They have developed a hit-list of our main fears: that natural resources are exhausted; that the number of people is ever growing, leaving less and less to eat; that a vast number of species are dying out, and that air and water are polluted more seriously.

(2)RE精讀策略

re是前綴, 意思是重復. RE精讀策略意味著反復精讀. 根據人類大腦記憶規律, 剛剛記完的知識記住了100%, 過了20分之后剩下58.2%................我們要進行二次精讀, 三次精讀…….. 直到讀透為止. 古人云: “溫故而知新”, 讀第一遍和讀第二遍對文章的理解是不同的, 讀第一遍時,有的學生可能只記得個別單詞,短語等; 讀第二遍可能對句子之間的關系, 段落結構, 篇章結構就有了更深層次的理解.

(3)“瞻前顧后”的學習方法

我們盡量利用”瞻前顧后”的方法把當前學到的單詞,短語等與之前精讀文章里的單詞短語等聯系起來, 達到融會貫通, 觸類旁通. 學習是輸入和輸出并行的過程, 輸入就是學習者由外到內獲取語言知識，精讀就是很好的輸入方式;輸出就是學習者將所學的知識由內而外的再現過程。精讀這個過程是輸入, 輸入后要消化, 吸收, 然后輸出，這樣才是個完整的學習過程. 如果只有輸入, 沒有輸出, 會影響學習效果.

雅思考試閱讀模擬試題及答案解析

1. A European spacecraft took off today to spearhead the search for another "Earth" among the stars.

2. The Corot space telescope blasted off aboard a Russian Soyuz rocket from the Baikonur cosmodrome in Kazakhstan shortly after 2.20pm.

3. Corot, short for convection rotation and planetary transits, is the first instrument capable of finding small rocky planets beyond the solar system. Any such planet situated in the right orbit stands a good chance of having liquid water on its surface, and quite possibly life, although a leading scientist involved in the project said it was unlikely to find "any little green men".

4. Developed by the French space agency, CNES, and partnered by the European Space Agency (ESA), Austria, Belgium, Germany, Brazil and Spain, Corot will monitor around 120,000 stars with its 27cm telescope from a polar orbit 514 miles above the Earth. Over two and a half years, it will focus on five to six different areas of the sky, measuring the brightness of about 10,000 stars every 512 seconds.

5. "At the present moment we are hoping to find out more about the nature of planets around stars which are potential habitats. We are looking at habitable planets, not inhabited planets. We are not going to find any little green men," Professor Ian Roxburgh, an ESA scientist who has been involved with Corot since its inception, told the BBC Radio 4 Today programme.

6. Prof Roxburgh said it was hoped Corot would find "rocky planets that could develop an atmosphere and, if they are the right distance from their parent star, they could have water".

7. To search for planets, the telescope will look for the dimming of starlight caused when an object passes in front of a star, known as a "transit". Although it will take more sophisticated space telescopes planned in the next 10 years to confirm the presence of an Earth-like planet with oxygen and liquid water, Corot will let scientists know where to point their lenses.

8. Measurements of minute changes in brightness will enable scientists to detect giant Jupiter-like gas planets as well as small rocky ones. It is the rocky planets - that could be no bigger than about twice the size of the Earth - which will cause the most excitement. Scientists expect to find between 10 and 40 of these smaller planets.

9. Corot will also probe into stellar interiors by studying the acoustic waves that ripple across the surface of stars, a technique called "asteroseismology".

10. The nature of the ripples allows astronomers to calculate a star’s precise mass, age and chemical composition.

11. "A planet passing in front of a star can be detected by the fall in light from that star. Small oscillations of the star also produce changes in the light emitted, which reveal what the star is made of and how they are structured internally. This data will provide a major boost to our understanding of how stars form and evolve," Prof Roxburgh said.

12. Since the discovery in 1995 of the first "exoplanet" - a planet orbiting a star other than the Sun - more than 200 others have been found by ground-based observatories.

13. Until now the usual method of finding exoplanets has been to detect the "wobble" their gravity imparts on parent stars. But only giant gaseous planets bigger than Jupiter can be found this way, and they are unlikely to harbour life.

14. In the 2010s, ESA plans to launch Darwin, a fleet of four or five interlinked space telescopes that will not only spot small rocky planets, but analyse their atmospheres for signs of biological activity.

15. At around the same time, the US space agency, Nasa, will launch Terrestrial Planet Finder, another space telescope designed to locate Earth-like planets. 　Choose the appropriate letter from A-D for question 1.

1. Corot is an instrument which

(A) can help to search for certain planets

(B) is used to find planets in the orbit

(D) can spot any planets with water.

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? For questions 2-5 write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE if the statement contraicts the information

NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage

2. Scientists are trying to find out about the planets that can be inhabited.

3. BBC Radio 4 recently focuses on the broadcasting of Corot.

4. Passing objects might cause a fall in light.

5. Corot can tell whether there is another Earth-like planet.

雅思考試閱讀模擬試題及答案解析

1. British scientists are preparing to launch trials of a radical new way to fight cancer, which kills tumours by infecting them with viruses like the common cold.

2. If successful, virus therapy could eventually form a third pillar alongside radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the standard arsenal against cancer, while avoiding some of the debilitating side-effects.

3. Leonard Seymour, a professor of gene therapy at Oxford University, who has been working on the virus therapy with colleagues in London and the US, will lead the trials later this year. Cancer Research UK said yesterday that it was excited by the potential of Prof Seymour's pioneering techniques.

4. One of the country's leading geneticists, Prof Seymour has been working with viruses that kill cancer cells directly, while avoiding harm to healthy tissue. "In principle, you've got something which could be many times more effective than regular chemotherapy," he said.

5. Cancer-killing viruses exploit the fact that cancer cells suppress the body's local immune system. "If a cancer doesn't do that, the immune system wipes it out. If you can get a virus into a tumour, viruses find them a very good place to be because there's no immune system to stop them replicating. You can regard it as the cancer's Achilles' heel."

6. Only a small amount of the virus needs to get to the cancer. "They replicate, you get a million copies in each cell and the cell bursts and they infect the tumour cells adjacent and repeat the process," said Prof Seymour.

7. Preliminary research on mice shows that the viruses work well on tumours resistant to standard cancer drugs. "It's an interesting possibility that they may have an advantage in killing drug-resistant tumours, which could be quite different to anything we've had before."

8. Researchers have known for some time that viruses can kill tumour cells and some aspects of the work have already been published in scientific journals. American scientists have previously injected viruses directly into tumours but this technique will not work if the cancer is inaccessible or has spread throughout the body.

9. Prof Seymour's innovative solution is to mask the virus from the body's immune system, effectively allowing the viruses to do what chemotherapy drugs do - spread through the blood and reach tumours wherever they are. The big hurdle has always been to find a way to deliver viruses to tumours via the bloodstream without the body's immune system destroying them on the way.

10. "What we've done is make chemical modifications to the virus to put a polymer coat around it - it's a stealth virus when you inject it," he said.

11. After the stealth virus infects the tumour, it replicates, but the copies do not have the chemical modifications. If they escape from the tumour, the copies will be quickly recognised and mopped up by the body's immune system.

12. The therapy would be especially useful for secondary cancers, called metastases, which sometimes spread around the body after the first tumour appears. "There's an awful statistic of patients in the west ... with malignant cancers; 75% of them go on to die from metastases," said Prof Seymour.

13. Two viruses are likely to be examined in the first clinical trials: adenovirus, which normally causes a cold-like illness, and vaccinia, which causes cowpox and is also used in the vaccine against smallpox. For safety reasons, both will be disabled to make them less pathogenic in the trial, but Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to use natural viruses.

14. The first trials will use uncoated adenovirus and vaccinia and will be delivered locally to liver tumours, in order to establish whether the treatment is safe in humans and what dose of virus will be needed. Several more years of trials will be needed, eventually also on the polymer-coated viruses, before the therapy can be considered for use in the NHS. Though the approach will be examined at first for cancers that do not respond to conventional treatments, Prof Seymour hopes that one day it might be applied to all cancers.

Questions 1-6　　Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? For questions 1-6 write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage

1.Virus therapy, if successful, has an advantage in eliminating side-effects.

2.Cancer Research UK is quite hopeful about Professor Seymour’s work on the virus therapy.

3.Virus can kill cancer cells and stop them from growing again.

4.Cancer’s Achilles’ heel refers to the fact that virus may stay safely in a tumor and replicate.

5.To infect the cancer cells, a good deal of viruses should be injected into the tumor.

6.Researches on animals indicate that virus could be used as a new way to treat drug-resistant tumors.

Question 7-9　　Based on the reading passage, choose the appropriate letter from A-D for each answer.

7.Information about researches on viruses killing tumor cells can be found

(A) on TV

(B) in magazines

(D) in newspapers

8.To treat tumors spreading out in body, researchers try to

(A) change the body’ immune system

(B) inject chemotherapy drugs into bloodstream.

(D) disguise the viruses on the way to tumors.

9.When the chemical modified virus in tumor replicates, the copies

(A) will soon escape from the tumor and spread out.

(B) will be wiped out by the body’s immune system.

(D) will eventually stop the tumor from spreading out.

Questions 10-13　　Complete the sentences below. Choose your answers from the list of words. You can only use each word once.

NB There are more words in the list than spaces so you will not use them all.

In the first clinical trials, scientists will try to ……10…… adenovirus and vaccinia, so both the viruses will be less pathogenic than the ……11…….These uncoated viruses will be applied directly to certain areas to confirm safety on human beings and the right ……12…… needed. The experiments will firstly be ……13……to the treatment of certain cancers

Questions 10-13　　Complete the sentences below. Choose your answers from the list of words. You can only use each word once.

NB There are more words in the list than spaces so you will not use them all.

List of Words

dosage responding smallpox virus

disable natural ones inject

directed treatment cold-like illness

kill patients examined

Answers Keys:

1.答案：FALSE (見第2段：If successful, virus therapy could eventually form a third pillar alongside radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the standard arsenal against cancer, while avoiding some of the debilitating side-effects. Virus therapy 只能避免一些副作用，而不是根除。)

2.答案：TRUE (見第3段，特別是最后一句： Cancer Research UK said yesterday that it was excited by the potential of Prof Seymour's pioneering techniques. )

3. 答案：NOT GIVEN (文中沒有提到virus可以抑制腫瘤細胞再生長)

4. 答案：TRUE (見第5段第3、4句：這里“cancer’s Achilles' heel”指 “If you can get a virus into a tumour, viruses find them a very good place to be because there's no immune system to stop them replicating.” Achilles' heel的意思是“唯一致命弱點”)

5. 答案：FALSE (見第6段第第1句：Only a small amount of the virus needs to get to the cancer.)

6. 答案：TRUE (見第7段：Preliminary research on mice shows that the viruses work well on tumours resistant to standard cancer drug. ……, which could be quite different to anything we've had before." )

7. 答案：B (見第8段第1、2句：Researchers have known for some time that viruses can kill tumour cells and some aspects of the work have already been published in scientific journals. Journal意思是“日報、期刊、雜志”)

8. 答案：D (見第9段第1句：Prof Seymour's innovative solution is to mask the virus from the body's immune system, …… “mask”的意思是“掩蓋、隱蔽、偽裝”，在這里和 “disguise”同義。)

9. 答案：B (見第11段第2句： If they escape from the tumour, the copies will be quickly recognised and mopped up by the body's immune system.. “mop up”這里與 “wipe out” 同義，意思是“消滅、殲滅”。)

10.答案：disable (見第13段最后1句：For safety reasons, both will be disabled to make them less pathogenic in the trial, but Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to use natural viruses. )

11. 答案：natural ones (見第13段最后1句：For safety reasons, both will be disabled to make them less pathogenic in the trial, but Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to use natural viruses. )

12. 答案：dosage (見第14段第1句：The first trials will use uncoated adenovirus and vaccinia and will be delivered locally to liver tumours, in order to establish whether the treatment is safe in humans and what dose of virus will be needed.)

13. 答案：directed (見第14段最后1句：Though the approach will be examined at first for cancers that do not respond to conventional treatments, …)

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