為了幫助大家更好的備考2020年翻譯資格考試一級筆譯考試。今天小編給大家帶來了2020年翻譯資格考試一級筆譯練習題，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
2020年翻譯資格考試一級筆譯練習題
Constitutional Crises Bring Attention to European Monarchs
憲法危機引發人們對歐洲君主的關注
For most of the last 100 years, Europe’s royalty have mainly been known for big weddings and newspaper gossip. Now, that might be changing.
在過去的一百多年里，歐洲王室成員主要以大型婚禮和報紙八卦而聞名于世。
Spain’s King Felipe VI used his power to denounce Catalonian separatism. He called the leaders of the 2017 popular vote for independence from Spain criminals. He also said it was his constitutional duty to save national unity.
西班牙國王費利佩六世動用了他的影響力譴責加泰羅尼亞的分離主義。他稱2017年加泰羅尼亞獨立公投的領導人是罪犯。他還表示，維護國家統一是他的憲法責任。
Recently, the British media has wondered if Queen Elizabeth II will be called upon to end a possible constitutional crisis. It could involve Prime Minister Boris Johnson’s plans to withdraw Britain from the European Union on October 31. Johnson said he will move forward with “Brexit” even if there is no official agreement with the EU.
最近，英國媒體很想知道英國女王伊麗莎白二世是否會被要求終止一項潛在的憲法危機。這可能涉及到英國首相鮑里斯·約翰遜計劃于10月31日退出歐盟。約翰遜表示，即便未同歐盟達成正式協議，他也將推進英國脫歐。
Monarchs Face Political Crises, And Risks
君主面臨政治危機和風險
The two royal heads of state would appear to have little in common.
這兩位王室領導似乎沒有什么共同之處。
Elizabeth II has been Queen for 67 years. Felipe became King just five years ago after the abdication of his father, King Juan Carlos, who was restored to the throne by dictator Francisco Franco in 1969.
伊麗莎白二世已經在女王位置上坐了67年。費利佩于5年前在他的父親胡安·卡洛斯退位后成為了西班牙國王。卡洛斯于1969年被獨裁者弗朗西斯科·佛朗哥恢復王位。
They are relatives through Queen Victoria, who ruled the British Empire in the 1800s.
他們都是曾于19世紀統治大英帝國的維多利亞女王的親屬。
Political science professor William Ogilvie de la Vega of Franciso Marroquin University in Madrid said that both rulers are being asked to make political decisions. He said the reason is because elected politicians seem to be unable to do their jobs.
馬德里Franciso Marroquin大學的政治學教授威廉·奧格爾維·德拉維加表示，這兩位統治者都被要求做出政治決定。他說原因是當選的政治家似乎無法勝任其職。
The two monarchs remain as constitutional heads of state. They hold what former Spanish ambassador to Britain Federico Trillo-Figueroa describes as “sleeping powers.”
這兩位君主仍然是國家憲法意義上的元首。他們掌握了前西班牙駐英國大使費德里科·特里洛-菲格羅亞所說的“未覺醒的權力。”
Queen Elizabeth II has the power to start and end parliament and to sign legislation into law. She exercises those powers only at the request of the prime minister.
英國女王伊麗莎白二世有權啟動和解散議會，以及將立法簽署為法律。她只是應英國首相要求行使這些權力。
These powers “are normally exercised in an invisible way” Trillo-Figueroa told VOA.
特里洛-菲格羅亞對美國之音表示，(君主們)“通常是以無形的方式行使”這些權力。
But stepping into politics can cause problems.
但是涉足政治可能會導致問題。
Queen Elizabeth II has the power to refuse Johnson’s request to suspend parliament’s session if ministers try to stop Britain’s EU withdrawal without an agreement. However, she would risk angering the most traditional parts of British society – and many of them voted to leave the EU in a 2015 popular vote. Officials at Buckingham Palace, the home of British monarchs, has said that the “will of parliament should be respected.”
如果內閣部長們試圖阻止英國無協議脫歐，約翰遜會提請女王暫停議會，伊麗莎白二世有權拒絕約翰遜的這一請求。然而她要冒著激怒英國社會最傳統勢力的風險，他們中的大多數人在2015年公投中投票支持英國脫歐。英國王室所在的白金漢宮的官員表示：“議會的意愿應該得到尊重。”
A top supporter of Brexit, Nigel Farage, then released an attack on the royal family.
英國脫歐的一位高層支持者奈杰爾·法拉格隨后對王室發表了攻擊言論。
King Felipe similarly earned the anger of Catalan nationalists by openly supporting the federal government’s direct rule over Catalonia. Barcelona Mayor Ada Colau opposes Catalan independence, but she stays away from the king when he comes to Spain’s second largest city. Felipe is usually met with protests in the Catalan capital.
費利佩國王公開支持聯邦政府對加泰羅尼亞的直接統治同樣招來了加泰羅尼亞民族主義者的憤怒。巴塞羅那市長阿達·科洛反對加泰羅尼亞獨立，但是當費利佩國王來到了巴塞羅那這座西班牙第二大城市時，她與國王保持了距離。費利佩在加泰羅尼亞首府巴塞羅那通常會遇到抗議。
The newspaper El Mundo reported that former Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy advised against a royal televised speech during the crisis in Catalonia. In the speech, Felipe accused Catalan officials of acting with unacceptable “disloyalty,” before the government officially charged them with sedition and rebellion.
《西班牙世界報》報道稱，前首相馬里亞諾·拉霍伊不贊成王室在加泰羅尼亞危機期間的一次電視講話。在西班牙政府正式指控加泰羅尼亞官員煽動叛亂之前，費利佩國王就在這次講話中指責他們采取了令人無法接受的不忠行為。
But Raquel Casviner Ca?ellas of the Catalan Civic Union said the king needed to speak to Spanish unionists who felt that the central government had been too weak.
但是加泰羅尼亞公民聯盟的拉奎爾·卡斯維納·卡納拉斯表示，國王需要與西班牙統一主義者對話，他們認為中央政府過于軟弱。
Felipe’s father, Juan Carlos, helped the country move to democracy after the death of Franco. He later helped stop an attempt by the military in 1981 to seize power.
費利佩的父親卡洛斯在佛朗哥去世后幫助西班牙走向了民主。他隨后還協助阻止了1981年軍方試圖奪權政權的企圖。
The younger generations of royals also seem to be more interested in politics. Prince Harry’s wife Meghan Markle, Duchess of Sussex, has been criticized for her political opinions in a coming article she edited for British Vogue, titled “Fifteen forces for change.”
年輕一代的王室成員似乎對政治更感興趣。哈里王子的妻子、蘇塞克斯公爵夫人梅森·馬克爾為英國《時尚》雜志編輯了一篇題為《15種變革力量》的文章，她在這篇即將發表的文章中表現出來的政治觀點就受到了批評。
2020年翻譯資格考試一級筆譯練習題
域外大國干擾是南海和平穩定的風險源
Real Risks to Peace and Stability in the South China Sea Come from Power Outside the Region
駐歐盟使團團長張明大使在歐盟媒體發表署名文章
Ambassador Zhang Ming, Head of Chinese Mission to the EU Published a Signed Article on Euobserver
2019年8月22日
22 August 2019
近期，個別域外大國罔顧南海局勢持續向好的事實，就所謂南海“緊張局勢”無端指責中國，歐盟高官也表達了關切。為了讓歐洲讀者更加全面認知南海問題，我愿意向廣大朋友們講講南海的故事。
從“南中國海”的名字可以看出，南海在中國大陸的南面。中國是最早發現和命名南海諸島的國家，也是最早開發利用南海的國家。早在公元8世紀，歐洲進入中世紀不久，中國就開始對南海進行管轄。中國和南海沿岸國交往密切，人民世代友好。直到20世紀前，中國對南海諸島的主權從未遭遇任何挑戰。
二戰結束后，中國使用美國提供的軍艦，收復了日本非法侵占的南海諸島，在島上舉行接收儀式并派兵駐守。作為二戰后國際秩序的組成部分，中國對南海諸島的主權得到國際社會廣泛承認。但隨著南海發現油氣資源，一些沿岸國開始在南沙奪島占礁，提出海洋權益訴求，導致南海出現爭端。盡管如此，中國致力于同有關國家談判解決爭議，聚焦海上務實合作，切實維護了南海的和平穩定，維護了地區國家的發展繁榮。
世上本無事，總有人為謀取私利而到處挑撥離間、惹事生非，南海也未能幸免。個別域外大國，唯恐南海不亂，蓄意炒作南海“緊張局勢”，指責中國在南海“搞軍事化”。殊不知中國在自己領土上部署必要防御設施，本就是國家的合法權利。這個大國有世界上最強大的軍事力量，在全世界有數百個軍事基地。其不斷在南海搞軍事演習，派大型軍艦搞“航行自由”行動，把南海當作大國博弈的戰場，才是南海局勢緊張的重要根源。
個別域外大國總喜歡講南海問題，但在一些多邊場合，其國家代表發完言就揚長而去，不愿傾聽地區國家對南海和平穩定的關切。可以說，這個大國所關心的南海問題，同中國和東盟國家所關心的南海問題，根本就不是同一個問題。這個大國的真實目的是攪渾南海，為維持地區軍事存在找借口，維護亞太霸權和海洋霸主地位。
個別域外大國言南海必稱“航行自由”問題，然而這個問題在南海根本就不存在。中國對外貿易和能源運輸的60%以上通過南海，中國比任何國家更關心南海航行自由。事實是，每年有十幾萬艘商船通行南海，從沒有一艘遇到過航行自由問題。這些域外大國天天喊“航行自由”，想要的莫不是亂闖別國領海的“橫行自由”?
南海地區國家有維護和平穩定與推動地區合作的共同意愿。中國不會任由領土主權和地區安全受到侵害，也不會坐視域外大國攪亂南海秩序。希望域外國家尊重地區國家的意愿和選擇，多發揮建設性作用，不要為一己私利，也不要人云亦云，成為威脅南海和平穩定的風險源。
域外大國干擾是南海和平穩定的風險源
Real Risks to Peace and Stability in the South China Sea Come from Power Outside the Region
駐歐盟使團團長張明大使在歐盟媒體發表署名文章
Ambassador Zhang Ming, Head of Chinese Mission to the EU Published a Signed Article on Euobserver
2019年8月22日
22 August 2019
Recently, despite the continued improvement in the situation in the South China Sea, a major power outside the region has kept making unwarranted accusations against China over the so-called “tensions” in the South China Sea. Senior EU officials have expressed similar concerns. To help European readers get a full picture of the South China Sea issue, I wish to share with you the other side of the story.
As its name suggests, the “South China Sea” is to the south of the Chinese mainland. China was the first country to discover, name and develop the South China Sea islands. As early as in the 8th century, shortly after Europe entered the Middle Ages, China started administering the South China Sea. China has maintained close exchanges with the littoral states of the South China Sea and has enjoyed friendship with peoples of these countries from generation to generation. Before the 20th century, China’s sovereignty over the South China Sea islands had never been challenged.
After the end of World War II, China used naval ships provided by the United States and recovered the South China Sea islands illegally occupied by Japan. On the islands, the takeover ceremonies were held and troops started to be stationed. As part of the post-war international order, China’s sovereignty over the South China Sea islands has been widely recognized by the international community.
However, with the discovery of oil and gas resources in the South China Sea, some littoral states have sought to seize islands and reefs in the Nansha Islands, and made claims to maritime entitlements, leading to disputes in the South China Sea. That being said, China has been committed to settling the disputes through negotiation with the countries directly concerned, and focusing on practical maritime cooperation. Such efforts have contributed to the overall peace and stability in the South China Sea as well as development and prosperity of countries in this region.
We would deserve a more peaceful world, were it not for the instigation and trouble-making of some forces for their own agenda. The South China Sea is unfortunately no exception. A major power outside the region has deliberately hyped up the so-called “tensions” in the South China Sea and accused China of “militarizing” the region. The fact is that China has every legitimate right to deploy necessary defence facilities on its own territory. That major power, with the world’s most powerful military forces and hundreds of military bases across the world, has kept staging military exercises in the South China Sea and sent large warships there for the so-called “freedom of navigation” operations, trying to turn the South China Sea into an arena for major-power wrestling. This is THE source of tensions in the South China Sea.
That major power enjoys raising the South China Sea issue. Yet on some multilateral occasions, its representatives would take the exit immediately after finishing what they had to say, giving little heed to the call of the littoral countries for peace and stability in the South China Sea. It is fair to say that when it comes to the South China Sea issue, that major power cares about things totally different from those of China and ASEAN countries. Its real agenda is to muddy the waters and seek excuses to justify its military presence in the region, in order to uphold its hegemony in the Asia-Pacific and maritime supremacy the world over.
That major power always questions the “freedom of navigation” in the South China Sea, but there is nothing to question at all. More than 60% of China’s foreign trade and energy supplies pass through the South China Sea, so China has a greater stake in the freedom of navigation than any other country. The reality is that more than 100,000 merchant ships pass through these waters every year and not a single vessel has ever run into any problem with the freedom of navigation. When a major power outside the region talk about the freedom of navigation, does it mean to have a license to do whatever it wants in other countries’ territorial waters? This might be the real question.
Littoral states share the commitment to maintaining peace and stability and promoting cooperation in the South China Sea. China would not allow its territorial sovereignty and regional security to be undermined, nor would it allow any major power outside the region to muddy the waters. It is our hope that countries outside the region could respect the wishes and choices of countries in the region and play a more constructive role. Any attempt to impose one’s own selfish agenda or blindly follow suit from the outside would only pose real risks to peace and stability in the South China Sea.
2020年翻譯資格考試一級筆譯練習題
Climate Change: A Race We Must Win
We face a new era of climate crisis. July 2019 is the hottest month on record, and we are on track for 2015 to 2019 to be the five hottest years in human history. The level of CO2 in the atmosphere is at its highest point in human history; climate-related devastations strike more often than ever, with droughts, hurricanes, heatwaves and landslides regularly attacking our planet, bringing high tolls and casualties, causing huge economic loss to countries and to individuals, particularly affecting the most vulnerable in societies. The latest report of UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific shows that natural disasters in the region are currently responsible for economic losses of up to US$675 billion annually and affecting close to 150 million people.
The clock is ticking. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, we need to collectively ensure that global temperature rise does not go beyond 1.5 degrees. This means we must reduce emissions by 45 percent by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. Such goals might seem too ambitious, but climate change is not a standalone issue that can be ignored given the profound implications it has for all countries and all peoples, including the young generation who will be living with the ever-increasing consequences of global warmings.
Faced with this reality, it is impossible to ignore that human development can only flourish if the natural world flourishes. This is the premise of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals that have become more urgent looking forward to the next decade. How can we as the global community work together as one?
To boost ambition, reinforce strong political will and encourage concrete actions to implement the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, the UN Secretary-General António Guterres will host the 2019 Climate Action Summit on 23 September during the UN General Assembly. The Summit will bring together governments, the private sector, civil society, local authorities and other international organizations to develop ambitious solutions in six areas: a global transition to renewable energy; sustainable and resilient infrastructures and cities; sustainable agriculture and management of forests and oceans; resilience and adaptation to climate impacts; and alignment of public and private finance with a ‘net zero’ economy. The message is clear: we need concrete, realistic plans to enhance countries’ nationally determined contributions by 2020, in line with reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 45 per cent over the next decade, and to achieve ‘net zero’ emissions by 2050.
As the second largest economy in the world, China has played a critical part in committing to the Paris Agreement and its leadership and commitment is crucial in achieving the goals. The country has made remarkable progress in developing its green economy, with more than US$125 billion dollars’ investment in renewable energy in 2017. New renewable energy jobs in China now outnumber those created in the oil and gas industries. Under the 13th Five-Year Plan, China has already exceeded full three per cent of its target, to reduce energy intensity by 15 percent. The country is also the global leader in the adoption of electric buses, with an estimation of 18% of China’s total bus fleet being electrified according to research from Bloomberg New Energy Finance. This demonstrates a significant increase in the importance of non-fossil fuel from previous five-year plan targets. The benefits China has reaped from fostering its renewable energy sector and the green economy also offer a prime counter-example to the mistaken belief that economic vitality and growth is incompatible with efforts to combat climate change.
As the global challenge that does not respect national borders, climate change is an issue that requires solutions to be coordinated at the international level, with demand for all developed countries taking up greater responsibilities, and for developing countries moving toward low-carbon economy. In the meantime, as the world’s most populous country and one of the largest carbon emitters, China can play an even more vital role in tackling global climate change by maximizing its enormous potential for emission reduction and accelerating the current positive.
The UN is committed to working with the government of China, the private sector, NGOs, youth and other key stakeholders to support climate change reduction efforts in China, to raise awareness and build the next generation of climate leaders, as well as China’s growing support to other developing countries. Under initiatives such as the Belt and Road Initiative, UN and China can work closely together to make the best use of the investment in infrastructure to promote the transition from fossil fuel-intensive economy to green and low-carbon economy in developing countries and ensure the initiatives are in line with sustainable development goals. South-South Cooperation can also facilitate the exchanges of climate solutions – bringing China’s successful practices to developing world and customize the methodology to best serve the local context and needs. Considering the scale of China’s commitments, the potential impact these global engagements will have is unparalleled. Therefore, the UN is ready to continue its partnership with China to ensure that an agenda of environmental sustainability, of climate change mitigation and resilience is placed first and foremost at the head of China’s global development initiatives and investments.
Climate change is running faster than we are and we need to have a much more ambitious approach in what we do in order to defeat climate change – as this is a race that we can and must win.
氣候變化：一場我們必須打贏的比賽
我們面臨著氣候危機的新時代。2019年7月是有記錄以來最熱的一個月，2015年至2019年有望成為人類歷史上最熱的5年。大氣中的二氧化碳含量達到了人類歷史上的最高點。與氣候變化有關的自然災害比以往任何時候都更加頻繁，干旱、颶風、熱浪和山體滑坡的頻發造成了大范圍人員傷亡，給許多國家和人民造成了巨大的經濟損失，尤其是社會中最脆弱的群體受影響最為嚴重。聯合國亞太經濟社會委員會最新報告顯示，該地區自然災害造成的經濟損失高達每年6750億美元，影響近1.5億人。
時間一分一秒地過去。政府間氣候變化專門委員會(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)的報告表明，我們需要共同確保全球氣溫上升不超過1.5攝氏度。這意味著我們必須在2030年前減少45%的排放量，并在2050年前實現碳中和。這些目標似乎過于雄心勃勃，但考慮到氣候變化對所有國家和人民所產生的深遠影響，全球變暖日益嚴重所產生的后果年輕一代將首當其沖，我們絕不能將氣候變化孤立開來，不能小覷其可能產生的后果和影響。
面對氣候變化的現實，我們需要清醒地認識到，人類的發展只有在自然界繁榮的情況下才能蓬勃發展。這是聯合國可持續發展目標的前提，展望未來十年，這些目標變得更加緊迫。我們該如何作為一個國際社會共同努力?
聯合國秘書長安東尼奧·古特雷斯將于9月23日在聯合國大會期間主持2019年氣候行動峰會，以提振雄心，增強政治意愿，鼓勵落實《巴黎氣候變化協定》的具體行動。首腦會議將匯集各國政府、私營部門、民間社會、地方當局和其他國際組織，在六個領域制定雄心勃勃的解決辦法：全球范圍內向可再生能源過渡;可持續和適應力強的基礎設施和城市;可持續農業和森林及海洋管理;對氣候影響的恢復力和適應能力;公共和私人金融向“凈零”經濟看齊。峰會要傳遞的信息很明確：我們需要具體、現實的計劃，到2020年提高各國的自主貢獻，在未來10年將溫室氣體排放量減少45%，到2050年實現“凈零”排放。
作為世界第二大經濟體，中國在履行《巴黎協定》方面發揮了重要作用，中國的領導和承諾對實現《巴黎協定》的目標至關重要。中國綠色經濟發展取得了顯著進展，2017年可再生能源投資超過1250億美元。目前，中國可再生能源新增就業人數已超過石油和天然氣行業。在十三五計劃實施期間，中國已經超額完成目標的3%，降低能源強度15%。中國還是全球率先使用電動公交車的國家，根據彭博新能源財經研究估計，18%中國公交車汽車實現電氣化。這表明，與之前的五年計劃目標相比，非化石燃料的重要性顯著提高。中國從發展可再生能源產業和綠色經濟中獲益的事實也為有些人錯誤地認為經濟的活力和增長與應對氣候變化不可兼得提供了一個主要的反例。
全球性挑戰向來不受國境線的限制，氣候變化這一全球性議題需要在國際層面協調解決方案，要求所有發達國家承擔更大的責任，發展中國家向低碳經濟邁進。作為世界上人口最多的國家和最大的碳排放國之一，中國可以在應對全球氣候變化方面發揮更重要的作用，最大限度地發揮其巨大的減排潛力，進一步加快進度。
聯合國致力于與中國政府、私營部門、非政府組織、青年和其他主要利益攸關方一道，支持中國減少氣候變化的努力，提高認識，培養下一代氣候領導人，并不斷加大對其他發展中國家的支持力度。在各項倡議的支持下，例如一帶一路倡議，聯合國和中國可以緊密合作，充分利用基礎設施投資，促進發展中國家從化石燃料密集型的經濟向綠色和低碳經濟的過渡，確保項目符合可持續發展目標。南南合作也可以促進氣候解決方案的交流，將中國的成功經驗推廣到發展中國家，并根據當地的實際情況和需求，因地制宜地調整方法論。考慮到中國承諾的規模，這些全球合作的潛在影響將是巨大的。因此，聯合國愿繼續與中國保持伙伴關系，確保將環境可持續性、減緩氣候變化和提高適應能力置于中國全球發展倡議和投資的首位。
如果將氣候行動比作一場比賽，那么氣候變化現在的速度比我們快，我們需要更大的決心來應對這一挑戰，因為這是一場我們能夠而且必須獲勝的比賽。
2020年翻譯資格考試一級筆譯練習題匯總相關文章：
★ 英語學習
