英語翻譯之高級口譯技巧

口譯是英語翻譯的一個重要技能，口譯的技巧有句式調整，斷句和巧用連詞，調整順序，轉換詞性等，比如通過轉換詞性，可以把名詞轉為動詞，或者把被動句調整為主動語態。。下面小編就和大家分享　口譯技巧，希望能夠幫助到大家，來欣賞一下吧。

口譯技巧

1、句式調整

同傳在詞語的翻譯上可以做到地道和相對準確，但句子結構不可能像交傳那樣按照中文的句式習慣組織安排，對于英漢傳譯，往往需要采用英語句式的順序：

【例】Frankly, ideas and goods will travel around the globe with or without our help.

【譯】坦率地講，思想和商品都將會在全球流通，不管有沒有我們的幫助。

2、斷句和巧用連詞

處理長句是同傳的基本功之一。翻譯長句，除了斷成譯群外，還有一個關鍵要掌握，即英文句子之所以長是因為要避免重復使用同一個詞，于是用 who、which、that 來代替主語或賓語，使得句子很長，而在中文中就不怕重復使用。

【例】That is the single monetary policy which will be discussed at the next European Union conference.

【譯】那就是單一貨幣政策 // 該政策將在下一屆歐盟會議上討論。

為了保證譯出語的連貫性和準確性，同傳時盡量使用譯入語的文法結構，在將其斷為多個句群后可以使用一些潤滑劑，即連詞，將單個的句群聯系起來。

3、調整順序

在一些有after和before的句子中可以將其反說，比如：

【例】I would like to make one point clear before I move on to the next point.

【譯】我想先澄清一下，然后再講下一部分。

【例】I would like to move on to the next part after I clarify one point.

【譯】我想談下一部分，在這之前先澄清一點。

4、轉換詞性

☆ 名詞轉動詞

【例】the development and application of new telecom service

【譯】如果聽到整句主語后才開始切入翻譯會稍顯滯后，此時可以試著將這些名詞譯成動詞，這樣其實也符合英語的表達方式。可譯為：開發和運用新的電信業務。

【例】In China, the full opening up and the profound reform in the public services areas to the foreign encounter parts greatly give impetus to the development of the tertiary industry.

【譯】可將此句譯成：在中國， 全面開放和深化改革公共服務領域，并將其向國外同行開放，這會極大推動第三產業的發展。

還有一些同類表達：

clear evidence of 清楚地表明

give impetus to 有力地推動

an obvious violation of 顯然違反了

☆ 被動轉主動

英語中大量使用被動句，目的主要是為了強調或者平衡句子結構。這種表達方式與漢語有較大差別，造成翻譯英語中的被動語態時比較吃力，特別是當句子主語較長時，在這種情況下，建議將語態由被動轉成主動，往往會有柳暗花明之感：

【例】Arrangement must be made to guarantee the basic life necessities could be available to the people in the earthquake hit areas.

【譯】 必須做出安排……

【譯】China’s diplomatic practice is seriously guided by the five principles of mutual peaceful coexistence.

【譯】中國的外交活動是嚴格遵循原則的，即和平共處五項原則。

5、及時調整錯誤

一般來說，在同傳中不會有回過頭來重新改正自己錯誤的可能性，但也不絕對，所以，如果具備了改錯空間，當然提倡有錯必改。

調整是同聲翻譯中的校譯過程，是譯員根據接收到的新內容調整信息、糾正錯譯、補充漏譯的重要環節。如英語中的時間、地點狀語等大多出現在句尾，在使用“順句驅動”翻譯時，會出現譯完主句又出現狀語的情況。

2020年翻譯資格考試一級筆譯英譯漢練習題

Climate Change: A Race We Must Win

We face a new era of climate crisis. July 2019 is the hottest month on record, and we are on track for 2015 to 2019 to be the five hottest years in human history. The level of CO2 in the atmosphere is at its highest point in human history; climate-related devastations strike more often than ever, with droughts, hurricanes, heatwaves and landslides regularly attacking our planet, bringing high tolls and casualties, causing huge economic loss to countries and to individuals, particularly affecting the most vulnerable in societies. The latest report of UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific shows that natural disasters in the region are currently responsible for economic losses of up to US$675 billion annually and affecting close to 150 million people.考生如果怕自己錯過考試成績查詢的話，可以 免費預約短信提醒，屆時會以短信的方式提醒大家報名和考試時間。

The clock is ticking. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, we need to collectively ensure that global temperature rise does not go beyond 1.5 degrees. This means we must reduce emissions by 45 percent by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. Such goals might seem too ambitious, but climate change is not a standalone issue that can be ignored given the profound implications it has for all countries and all peoples, including the young generation who will be living with the ever-increasing consequences of global warmings.

Faced with this reality, it is impossible to ignore that human development can only flourish if the natural world flourishes. This is the premise of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals that have become more urgent looking forward to the next decade. How can we as the global community work together as one?

To boost ambition, reinforce strong political will and encourage concrete actions to implement the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, the UN Secretary-General António Guterres will host the 2019 Climate Action Summit on 23 September during the UN General Assembly. The Summit will bring together governments, the private sector, civil society, local authorities and other international organizations to develop ambitious solutions in six areas: a global transition to renewable energy; sustainable and resilient infrastructures and cities; sustainable agriculture and management of forests and oceans; resilience and adaptation to climate impacts; and alignment of public and private finance with a ‘net zero’ economy. The message is clear: we need concrete, realistic plans to enhance countries’ nationally determined contributions by 2020, in line with reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 45 per cent over the next decade, and to achieve ‘net zero’ emissions by 2050.

As the second largest economy in the world, China has played a critical part in committing to the Paris Agreement and its leadership and commitment is crucial in achieving the goals. The country has made remarkable progress in developing its green economy, with more than US$125 billion dollars’ investment in renewable energy in 2017. New renewable energy jobs in China now outnumber those created in the oil and gas industries. Under the 13th Five-Year Plan, China has already exceeded full three per cent of its target, to reduce energy intensity by 15 percent. The country is also the global leader in the adoption of electric buses, with an estimation of 18% of China’s total bus fleet being electrified according to research from Bloomberg New Energy Finance. This demonstrates a significant increase in the importance of non-fossil fuel from previous five-year plan targets. The benefits China has reaped from fostering its renewable energy sector and the green economy also offer a prime counter-example to the mistaken belief that economic vitality and growth is incompatible with efforts to combat climate change.

As the global challenge that does not respect national borders, climate change is an issue that requires solutions to be coordinated at the international level, with demand for all developed countries taking up greater responsibilities, and for developing countries moving toward low-carbon economy. In the meantime, as the world’s most populous country and one of the largest carbon emitters, China can play an even more vital role in tackling global climate change by maximizing its enormous potential for emission reduction and accelerating the current positive.

The UN is committed to working with the government of China, the private sector, NGOs, youth and other key stakeholders to support climate change reduction efforts in China, to raise awareness and build the next generation of climate leaders, as well as China’s growing support to other developing countries. Under initiatives such as the Belt and Road Initiative, UN and China can work closely together to make the best use of the investment in infrastructure to promote the transition from fossil fuel-intensive economy to green and low-carbon economy in developing countries and ensure the initiatives are in line with sustainable development goals. South-South Cooperation can also facilitate the exchanges of climate solutions – bringing China’s successful practices to developing world and customize the methodology to best serve the local context and needs. Considering the scale of China’s commitments, the potential impact these global engagements will have is unparalleled. Therefore, the UN is ready to continue its partnership with China to ensure that an agenda of environmental sustainability, of climate change mitigation and resilience is placed first and foremost at the head of China’s global development initiatives and investments.

Climate change is running faster than we are and we need to have a much more ambitious approach in what we do in order to defeat climate change – as this is a race that we can and must win.

氣候變化：一場我們必須打贏的比賽

我們面臨著氣候危機的新時代。2019年7月是有記錄以來最熱的一個月，2015年至2019年有望成為人類歷史上最熱的5年。大氣中的二氧化碳含量達到了人類歷史上的最高點。與氣候變化有關的自然災害比以往任何時候都更加頻繁，干旱、颶風、熱浪和山體滑坡的頻發造成了大范圍人員傷亡，給許多國家和人民造成了巨大的經濟損失，尤其是社會中最脆弱的群體受影響最為嚴重。聯合國亞太經濟社會委員會最新報告顯示，該地區自然災害造成的經濟損失高達每年6750億美元，影響近1.5億人。

時間一分一秒地過去。政府間氣候變化專門委員會(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)的報告表明，我們需要共同確保全球氣溫上升不超過1.5攝氏度。這意味著我們必須在2030年前減少45%的排放量，并在2050年前實現碳中和。這些目標似乎過于雄心勃勃，但考慮到氣候變化對所有國家和人民所產生的深遠影響，全球變暖日益嚴重所產生的后果年輕一代將首當其沖，我們絕不能將氣候變化孤立開來，不能小覷其可能產生的后果和影響。

面對氣候變化的現實，我們需要清醒地認識到，人類的發展只有在自然界繁榮的情況下才能蓬勃發展。這是聯合國可持續發展目標的前提，展望未來十年，這些目標變得更加緊迫。我們該如何作為一個國際社會共同努力?

聯合國秘書長安東尼奧·古特雷斯將于9月23日在聯合國大會期間主持2019年氣候行動峰會，以提振雄心，增強政治意愿，鼓勵落實《巴黎氣候變化協定》的具體行動。首腦會議將匯集各國政府、私營部門、民間社會、地方當局和其他國際組織，在六個領域制定雄心勃勃的解決辦法：全球范圍內向可再生能源過渡;可持續和適應力強的基礎設施和城市;可持續農業和森林及海洋管理;對氣候影響的恢復力和適應能力;公共和私人金融向“凈零”經濟看齊。峰會要傳遞的信息很明確：我們需要具體、現實的計劃，到2020年提高各國的自主貢獻，在未來10年將溫室氣體排放量減少45%，到2050年實現“凈零”排放。

作為世界第二大經濟體，中國在履行《巴黎協定》方面發揮了重要作用，中國的領導和承諾對實現《巴黎協定》的目標至關重要。中國綠色經濟發展取得了顯著進展，2017年可再生能源投資超過1250億美元。目前，中國可再生能源新增就業人數已超過石油和天然氣行業。在十三五計劃實施期間，中國已經超額完成目標的3%，降低能源強度15%。中國還是全球率先使用電動公交車的國家，根據彭博新能源財經研究估計，18%中國公交車汽車實現電氣化。這表明，與之前的五年計劃目標相比，非化石燃料的重要性顯著提高。中國從發展可再生能源產業和綠色經濟中獲益的事實也為有些人錯誤地認為經濟的活力和增長與應對氣候變化不可兼得提供了一個主要的反例。

全球性挑戰向來不受國境線的限制，氣候變化這一全球性議題需要在國際層面協調解決方案，要求所有發達國家承擔更大的責任，發展中國家向低碳經濟邁進。作為世界上人口最多的國家和最大的碳排放國之一，中國可以在應對全球氣候變化方面發揮更重要的作用，最大限度地發揮其巨大的減排潛力，進一步加快進度。

聯合國致力于與中國政府、私營部門、非政府組織、青年和其他主要利益攸關方一道，支持中國減少氣候變化的努力，提高認識，培養下一代氣候領導人，并不斷加大對其他發展中國家的支持力度。在各項倡議的支持下，例如一帶一路倡議，聯合國和中國可以緊密合作，充分利用基礎設施投資，促進發展中國家從化石燃料密集型的經濟向綠色和低碳經濟的過渡，確保項目符合可持續發展目標。南南合作也可以促進氣候解決方案的交流，將中國的成功經驗推廣到發展中國家，并根據當地的實際情況和需求，因地制宜地調整方法論。考慮到中國承諾的規模，這些全球合作的潛在影響將是巨大的。因此，聯合國愿繼續與中國保持伙伴關系，確保將環境可持續性、減緩氣候變化和提高適應能力置于中國全球發展倡議和投資的首位。

如果將氣候行動比作一場比賽，那么氣候變化現在的速度比我們快，我們需要更大的決心來應對這一挑戰，因為這是一場我們能夠而且必須獲勝的比賽。

2020年翻譯資格考試一級口譯實務材料

常駐聯合國代表張軍大使在安理會中導問題公開會上的發言

Statement by Ambassador Zhang Jun at Security Council on Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty

2019年8月22日

22 August 2019

主席女士，

Madam President,

我認真聽取了中滿泉副秘書長所作通報。

I have listened carefully to the briefing by USG Nakamitsu.

1987年美蘇達成的《中導條約》是軍控與裁軍領域的重要條約。條約明確將加強戰略穩定作為目標，有效緩解了美蘇在歐洲的中導軍備競賽，有利于增進大國戰略互信，緩和國際關系，推進核裁軍進程。The Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF) signed between the US and the USSR in 1987 is an important treaty on arms control and disarmament. Taking strengthening strategic stability as its objective, the treaty effectively mitigated the arms race on intermediate-range missiles between the US and USSR in Europe and helped to enhance strategic mutual trust between major powers, ease international relations and advance nuclear disarmament process.

進入新世紀以來，維護《中導條約》有效性，不僅對美俄兩國，也對國際和地區的和平與安全具有重要現實意義。美俄本應通過對話協商妥善處理關于履約問題的分歧，切實維護條約有效性。但美國單方面退約導致條約失效，將對全球戰略平衡與穩定、歐洲和亞太地區安全及國際軍控體系產生深遠消極影響，國際社會應對此保持清醒認識。在《中導條約》問題上，中方已多次表明立場，拿中國作為退約借口是不可接受的。中方拒絕美方的無理指責。

Entering the new century, safeguarding the effectiveness of the INF treaty is of great practical significance not only to the United States and Russia but also to international and regional peace and security. The two countries should have properly handled differences over treaty compliance through dialogue and consultation to earnestly safeguard the effectiveness of the treaty. However, the unilateral withdrawal of the United States from the treaty led to the demise of the treaty, which will have a far-reaching negative impact on global strategic balance and stability, regional security in Europe and Asia as well as international arms control regime. The international community should be clear headed about this impact. On the INF issue, China has made clear its position on many occasions. It is unacceptable to use China as an excuse for leaving the treaty, and China rejects the baseless accusation by the United States.

主席女士，

Madam President,

當今世界正經歷百年未有之大變局，和平、發展、合作、共贏的時代潮流不可逆轉，和平力量的上升遠遠超過戰爭因素的增長。同時，國際安全面臨的不穩定性不確定性更加突出。多邊主義是應對共同挑戰的有效途徑，各國應堅定維護以國際法和《聯合國憲章》宗旨原則為核心的國際秩序，秉持共同、綜合、合作和可持續的新安全觀，充分尊重各國正當合理安全關切，努力塑造和平穩定的國際安全環境，推動構建人類命運共同體。

The world today is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century. Peace, development and win-win cooperation remain the irreversible trends of the times, with forces for peace predominating over elements of war. At the same time, there are prominent destabilizing factors and uncertainties in international security. Multilateralism is the effective means to address common challenges. All countries should resolutely safeguard international order with international law and the purposes and principles of the UN Charter at its core, embrace a concept of common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security, fully respect the legitimate security concerns of all countries, work hard for a peaceful and stable international security environment and promote a community of a shared future for mankind.

《聯合國憲章》賦予安理會維護國際和平與安全的重要職責，安理會成員應展現責任擔當，各國均應避免采取損害別國安全利益的舉動。美方在正式退出《中導條約》前即宣稱計劃加快中導研發和部署，并已于日前試射新型陸基巡航導彈。中方強烈敦促有關國家本著高度負責的態度，保持克制，切實維護現有軍控體系，維護全球戰略平衡與穩定，維護國際和地區和平與安寧。這是國際社會的共同呼聲。

The UN Charter entrusts the Security Council with the important responsibility of maintaining international peace and security. Council members should earnestly fulfill their responsibilities in this regard. All countries should refrain from taking actions that undermine the security interests of other countries. Prior to its official withdrawal from the INF treaty, the United States already announced its plan to accelerate the development and deployment of intermediate range missiles. And lately, it conducted a test launch of land-based cruise missile. China strongly urges the relevant country to take a highly responsible attitude, exercise restraint and earnestly preserve the existing arms control regime in an effort to safeguard global strategic balance and stability and international and regional peace and security. This is the shared message from the international community.

退出《中導條約》是美國奉行單邊主義、推卸國際義務的又一消極舉動，其真實目的是自我松綁、謀求單方面絕對軍事優勢。中國始終奉行防御性的國防政策，擁有的陸基中程導彈全部部署在本國境內，完全出于防御目的，不威脅任何國家。中方堅決反對美國在亞太地區部署陸基中導，要求美方在此方面保持理性和克制。

Withdrawal from the INF treaty is yet another act of unilateralism and escape from international obligations by the United States. It is aimed at relieving restrictions and seeking absolute military advantage. China pursues a national defense policy that is defensive nature. China’s land-based intermediate range missiles are all deployed within the Chinese territory. It is for defense purposes only and poses no threat to any country. China firmly opposes US deployment of land-based intermediate range missiles in the Asia-Pacific and urges the United States to be cool-headed and exercise restraint.

主席女士，

Madam President,

國際軍控與裁軍條約體系是全球戰略平衡與穩定的基石，與國際和平安全息息相關。核裁軍是《不擴散核武器條約》的三大支柱之一，是核領域全球治理的重要組成部分。各國應遵循“維護全球戰略穩定”和“各國安全不受減損”等原則，循序漸進推進核裁軍進程。擁有最大核武庫的國家應切實履行核裁軍特殊、優先責任。我們支持俄羅斯在此方面作出的政治外交努力，支持并鼓勵俄羅斯和美國就戰略安全和雙邊核裁軍問題保持對話，致力于《美俄關于進一步削減和限制進攻性戰略武器措施的條約》延期，并繼續以可核查、不可逆、具有法律約束力的方式大幅削減核武庫，為推進多邊核裁軍進程創造必要條件。

The international arms control and disarmament treaty system, as the cornerstone of global strategic balance and stability, bears on international peace and security. Nuclear Disarmament, as one of the three pillars of the NPT, constitutes an important part of global governance in the nuclear field. All countries should follow the principles of “maintaining global strategic stability” and “undiminished security for all” and advance disarmament process in a step-by-step manner. Countries with the largest nuclear arsenals have special and primary responsibility for nuclear disarmament. We support the political and diplomatic efforts made by Russia, support and encourage Russia and the United States to maintain dialogue on strategic security and bilateral nuclear disarmament issues, commit themselves to the extension of the New START Treaty, continue to make substantive reduction in their nuclear arsenals in a verifiable, irreversible and legally binding manner with a view to creating necessary conditions for advancing multilateral nuclear disarmament processes.

我要強調，任何軍控談判都應充分考慮各國整體軍事實力，并遵循“各國安全不受減損”這一國際軍控基本原則。中方已多次就所謂“中美俄軍控談判”提議表明立場，現階段中方無意也不會參加所謂“中美俄軍控談判”。

I must emphasize that for any arms control negotiation, it is imperative to fully consider the overall military capabilities of countries and follow the principle of “undiminished security for all”, a basic principle of international arms control. China has repeatedly stated its position on the so-called arms control negotiation with the United States and Russia. China has no interest and will not be part of it.

中國始終不渝奉行防御性國防政策，中國自衛防御的核戰略完全透明，中國的核政策高度負責，中國的核武庫規模極為有限，從不對國際和平與安全構成威脅。幾十年來，中國一貫積極參與聯合國、裁軍談判會議等多邊機制框架下的軍控磋商與談判，反對軍備競賽，維護全球戰略平衡和穩定。未來中方將繼續堅定維護多邊主義，積極參與多邊軍控進程，為維護國際和平與安全貢獻力量。

China unswervingly pursues a national defense policy that is defensive in nature. China’s nuclear strategy for self-defense is completely transparent and its nuclear policy is highly responsible. China’s nuclear arsenal is extremely limited in scale, and poses no threat to international peace and security. For decades, China has actively participated in arms control consultations and negotiations under multilateral mechanisms and frameworks including those of the United Nations and Conference on Disarmament. China opposes arms race and works to safeguard global strategic balance and stability. Moving forward, China will continue to firmly uphold multilateralism, actively participate in multilateral arms control processes to contribute to the maintenance of international peace and security.

謝謝主席女士。

Thank you, Madam President.

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