新托福口語(yǔ)考試中的閱讀材料只是一個(gè)百十來(lái)字的段落，閱讀時(shí)我們不應(yīng)把每個(gè)句子都孤立開(kāi)來(lái)，而是要把所有的句子連成一個(gè)整體，今天小編給大家?guī)?lái)了托福口語(yǔ)信號(hào)詞點(diǎn)明句間關(guān)系,希望能夠幫助到大家，一起來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)吧。
托福口語(yǔ)信號(hào)詞點(diǎn)明句間關(guān)系
Women could and did play a part in this process of settlement. Iceland, for instance, was uninhabited, and a permanent population could only be established if women also made the journey there. (后一句的具體事例為前一句提供說(shuō)明與解釋)
People borrowed more and more money so that they could buy these shares. Because of this, the American people started to believe that share prices could only go up further. (“because of”明顯的因果關(guān)系)
Astronomy is a science that deals with all the celestial bodies in the universe. Astronomy includes the study of planets and their satellites, comets and meteors, stars and interstellar matter, star systems and clusters. (后一句是對(duì)前一句celestial bodies 的進(jìn)一步解釋)
Previously it was believed that due to the Archaeopteryx’s (始祖鳥(niǎo)) underdeveloped anatomy, it would not have been able to fly. However, research by the London Natural History Museum into its brain developed and that it had good vision and a good sense of balance — all the requirements for a creature to be able to fly. (“However”轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比)
閱讀時(shí)，我們可以根據(jù)段落中出現(xiàn)的一些信號(hào)詞(Signal Words)來(lái)判斷句子與句子之間的關(guān)系，掌握段落發(fā)展線索，來(lái)調(diào)整閱讀速度，提高閱讀質(zhì)量。
1.托福口語(yǔ)中，顯示相同信息的信號(hào)詞
There has been an upsurge of interest in chamber music. Likewise opera is receiving a boost from increased record sales.
“l(fā)ikewise”這一信號(hào)詞顯示了前面所提到的idea后面還要再一次出現(xiàn)。因此，閱讀時(shí)見(jiàn)到這樣的信號(hào)詞無(wú)須放慢閱讀速度。這樣的信號(hào)詞還包括：
and, furthermore, more, than, that, also, likewise, moreover, in addition, what is more, for instance, for example
2.托福口語(yǔ)中，顯示思路轉(zhuǎn)折的信號(hào)詞
I’d like to go but I’m too busy.
“but”前后是完全不同的信息描述，它向讀者顯示了作者的思路在這里有了轉(zhuǎn)折。閱讀時(shí)，碰到這樣的信號(hào)詞我們需放慢閱讀速度，以準(zhǔn)確獲取作者真正想要說(shuō)明的意思。這類(lèi)信號(hào)詞還有：
although, however, on the contrary, but, in spite of, otherwise, despite, nevertheless, yet
3.托福口語(yǔ)中，顯示因果關(guān)系的信號(hào)詞
As a result of the pilots’ strike, all flights have had to be cancelled.
All flights have had to be cancelled as a result of the pilots’ strike.
所有航班被取消的原因是因?yàn)轱w行員們的罷工;飛行員們的罷工導(dǎo)致了所有的航班不得不被取消。顯示因果關(guān)系的信號(hào)詞還有：
for, thus, because, for this reason, so, therefore, as, since, consequently
4.托福口語(yǔ)中，顯示順序的信號(hào)詞：
Internet speeds communication between companies, among co-workers through video-conferences, and among other individuals. First, media companies use the Internet for online news, or to broadcast audio and video, including live radio and television programs, while individuals use the Internet for communication, entertainment, finding information, buying and selling goods and services. Second, the notion of distance disappears thanks to the Internet. People also enjoy instant messaging to exchange text messages or pictures in real time, with real-time video and sound. Finally, scientists and scholars use the Internet to perform research, distribute lecture notes or course materials to students, they communicate with colleagues, and can also publish papers and articles.
抓住了這樣的信號(hào)詞就把握住了作者敘述的順序，也就分清了相對(duì)獨(dú)立的論據(jù)。這樣的信號(hào)詞包括：
first, second, third, and so on, then, after, before, next, last, afterward, finally
5.托福口語(yǔ)中，表示結(jié)論/總結(jié)的信號(hào)詞
In conclusion, I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.
詞組“in conclusion”前面所提到的一些信息將在這里被歸納總結(jié)。讀到帶有這樣的信號(hào)詞或短語(yǔ)的句子時(shí)，應(yīng)格外留心注意，它們往往會(huì)向我們提示相關(guān)段落的核心信息。表示結(jié)論或總結(jié)的信號(hào)詞和短語(yǔ)還有：
as a result, finally, therefore, accordingly, in short, thus, consequently, in conclusion, so, in brief, in a word
托福口語(yǔ)：數(shù)詞句型積累
數(shù)詞句型：
21. It takes me three clear / cleanly days. 它花了我整整三天時(shí)間。
22. There are fifty and odd (or and more) students in our class. 我們班有五十余人。
23. The total expense amount to a hundred dollars. 全部費(fèi)用合計(jì)100 美元。
24. We were fifteen, all told. 我們一共十五人。
25. The delegation consisted of 15, inclusive of (including) two interpreters. 代表團(tuán)共十五人，包括兩名翻譯在內(nèi)。
26. There were fifty people present, not counting (excluding) the children. 出席者達(dá)五十人， 兒童未計(jì)算在內(nèi)。
27. We take a rest at intervals of two hours. 我們每隔兩小時(shí)休息一次。
28. I ask you to teach me every other day. 我請(qǐng)你每隔一天來(lái)教我。
29. Beijing is ten times as big as my home town. 北京有我的家鄉(xiāng)十個(gè)那么大。
30. The sun is a huge blazing ball, a million times larger than the earth. 太陽(yáng)是個(gè)龐大的熾燃火球，比地球大一百多萬(wàn)倍。
31. By comparison with 1992, the foreign trade turnover of that country in 2003 increased (to) 3.5 times. 與1992年相比，這個(gè)國(guó)家2003年對(duì)外貿(mào)易總額增加了2.5 倍(增加到3.5 倍)。
32. That table measures three feet by three. 那張桌子三英尺長(zhǎng)，三英尺寬。
33. He valued the house for me at ?,500. 這房子他替我作價(jià)為三千五百鎊。
34. His coat is rated at 20 yuan. 他的大衣值價(jià)二十元。
35. The job was finished at a sitting (a stretch). 這工作一下子(一口氣)就做完了。
托福口語(yǔ)如何答題
新托福在近年來(lái)了一次大變臉，取消了語(yǔ)法部分，增加了口語(yǔ)測(cè)試。其中口試部分，共六道題目，每題4分，難度較大。特別是后四道題，融讀、聽(tīng)、說(shuō)于一體。其中第三題提供一篇百詞左右的閱讀材料，考生需在45秒內(nèi)讀完，然后再聽(tīng)一段長(zhǎng)達(dá)1~2分鐘的對(duì)話，30秒后，給考生1分鐘時(shí)間陳述兩段材料和對(duì)話。
“這個(gè)難度很大，很多考生栽在口試上。”專(zhuān)家稱(chēng)，以口試第三題為例，考生需經(jīng)歷讀、聽(tīng)、思、說(shuō)四個(gè)步驟。時(shí)間只有15秒、30秒，稍一“打野”，就一抹黑了。
在口語(yǔ)測(cè)試中，考生不必陳述自己的觀點(diǎn)，而是用聽(tīng)讀材料中的具體信息作答。這其實(shí)就是在考查學(xué)生是否具備了對(duì)先前讀到、聽(tīng)到的材料進(jìn)行快速歸納、總結(jié)、融合，然后再用口語(yǔ)復(fù)述的能力。很多考生反映，最不適應(yīng)的題型就是口語(yǔ)先聽(tīng)后說(shuō)部分。這“最不適應(yīng)”反映出了考生對(duì)新托福的新題型產(chǎn)生了嚴(yán)重的“水土不服”。
新托福與舊托福相比較，增加了口語(yǔ)和綜合能力測(cè)試，對(duì)閱讀和寫(xiě)作占優(yōu)勢(shì)的多數(shù)考生來(lái)說(shuō)，新托福“放倒”一批考生也在情理之中。
考生在強(qiáng)化口語(yǔ)表達(dá)能力的同時(shí)，切不可忽略了閱讀和聽(tīng)力。專(zhuān)家建議，平時(shí)在上課時(shí)，可嘗試用英語(yǔ)做筆記，鍛煉漢語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換成英語(yǔ)的反饋能力。
“很多考生在口語(yǔ)測(cè)試中，容易犯‘鵝、鵝、鵝’的笑話，即不時(shí)卡殼。”老師們說(shuō)，在新托福的口試中，考生要謹(jǐn)記放慢語(yǔ)速，如果用很快的語(yǔ)速作答，稍有停頓，考官會(huì)誤認(rèn)為你是由于詞匯量不夠而卡殼。對(duì)此，專(zhuān)家建議，平時(shí)最好有意識(shí)地鍛煉自己的詞語(yǔ)運(yùn)用能力，如和同學(xué)一起做“句子接龍”游戲，以某句話為故事開(kāi)端，每個(gè)人順勢(shì)接一個(gè)英語(yǔ)句子，情節(jié)足夠豐富后，即成一個(gè)有趣的故事。
此外，新托福會(huì)經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)一些專(zhuān)用詞匯，如醫(yī)學(xué)類(lèi)、生物類(lèi)等。學(xué)生平時(shí)記單詞時(shí)要留意生僻的專(zhuān)用詞匯，即使不會(huì)拼寫(xiě)，也要做到“眼熟”、“耳熟”，不要讓這些生澀的詞匯影響了在口語(yǔ)考試?yán)锏谋憩F(xiàn)。
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