在歷年大學英語六級考試中,閱讀理解題所占的分值比較高,考生在此題中丟分也比較多,是試題難度大嗎?考生回答不是,但又普遍反映說文章中幾乎沒有生詞,可有些句子就是弄不明白其意思,影響了對答案的正確選擇而導(dǎo)致失分。究其根源,是考生未能把握好意群在英語閱讀理解中的運用?,F(xiàn)將在閱讀理解中有關(guān)意群方面存在的問題歸納如下,以供參閱。
1?當出現(xiàn)復(fù)合句時,特別是定語從句和賓語從句,若定語從句關(guān)系詞或賓語從句連接詞that被省略,考生常常會打亂意群,讀起來不得要領(lǐng)。例如:
① The crafts people buy include things to decorate their homes,clothes for their children and gifts for their friends,holidays,weddings or special occasions.
people buy是定語從句,限制the crafts,如果將The crafts people看作一個意群,則后面的buy include things便沒法理解了。
② He must capture the horse.He knew better man than he had tried.
此例第二句中的knew后省略了that,better m an than he屬于一個意群,是這個賓語從句的主語,若把he knew better放在一起讀,下文就讀不通了。
2.非謂語動詞-ing形式與-ed形式引起的麻煩。例如:
③ Assembly will have limited self- governing powers,British say it could be as long as 30 years before the North might be in charge of its own affairs.
這里will have不與 limited一起構(gòu)成將來完成時,will have后應(yīng)稍有停頓,lim ited用作形容詞,作前置定語,修飾self-governing powers,它們構(gòu)成一個意群,是“有限的自治權(quán)”的意思。
④ For those who prefer reading the evening newspaper offers the reader the possibility of reading the news others see and hear on TV.
本句中,reading出現(xiàn)兩次,第一個reading是名詞化的動名詞,不能直接帶賓語,后面應(yīng)有停頓,the evening newspaper不是 reading的賓語,它屬于下一個意群,是句子的主語;第二個reading是動詞的-ing形式, the news是它的賓語。
3.分不清句中詞的搭配關(guān)系。例如:
⑤A few bloodhounds and threats cleared the village of all the Indian inhabitants.
此句中的of不表示所有關(guān)系,因此不與village構(gòu)成一個意群,它與cleared搭配,cleared...of...是“從……清除……”的意思。
⑥The petition asked that during June,July,and August the working hours be changed from 8 to 5 with an hour off for lunch to 7 to 3:30 with a half-hour for lunch.
be changed以下部分的意群容易搞錯,考生正在這里兜圈子,他們的視線停留在be changed from 8to 5,于是看不懂下文了。應(yīng)該說from與句中的第二個to搭配,from后的8 to 5with an hour off for lunch是一個意群。第二個to后面7 to 3:30with a half-hour for lunch是另一個意群。這樣讀意思就理解了:要求作息時間從原來的上午8點至下午5點,中間留一個小時吃午餐改為上午7點至下午3點30分,中間留半個小時吃午餐。
4.分不清and所連接的成分在層次上的差別。例如:
⑦Among the factors responsible for the higher crop yields per acre are the widespread use of m achinery for power,the development of better fertilizers,the breeding of better varieties,particularly semidwarf wheat and rice and hybrid sorghum and corn,and the more efficient use of irrigation.
例句中連用了四個and,第四個and連接的部分是第一層次,在particularly...corn這部分中,第二個and連接的是第二層次,第一個與第三個and連接的是第三層次,semidwarf wheat and rice與hybrid sorghum and corn應(yīng)視作兩小項,不可分為四項,semidwarf既修飾wheat也修飾rice;hybrid同時修飾sorghum與corn。
5.分不清this/these/that/those等是指示代詞還是限定詞。作指示代詞可以代替名詞單獨使用,而作限定詞時,它們修飾名詞,不能單獨使用。例如:
⑧If his savings,pension,and social security are substantial,he can engage in charitable or religious activities.But the self-reliant American finds these poor substitutes for those social and business activities which once occupied his time and energies.
these是指示代詞,代替上文中的 charitable or religious activities而充當 finds的賓語,poor substitutes是賓語的補語,意思是說:發(fā)現(xiàn)慈善、宗教活動不能取代原來從事的社交、商業(yè)活動。若把 these看作限定詞,則these poor substitutes成了一個意群,語意大相徑庭。
6.英語句子中那些從邏輯上講應(yīng)該接續(xù)的成分被分隔時,如果不能確定被分割的成分,也就不能正確讀懂意群。例如:
⑨ The prisoners are overcrowded, with many cells intended for one man occupied by three.
這句中的關(guān)鍵是要注意with短語中的分隔,即with所帶的賓語m any cells與賓補occupied之間被充當后置定語的過去分詞短語intended for one man隔開,其意群的劃分應(yīng)該是with many cells/intended for one man/occupied by three,整個句子的意思是:監(jiān)獄現(xiàn)在過度擁擠,許多原來關(guān)一個人的單身牢房現(xiàn)在關(guān)三個人。
對于篇幅較大,長句較多的閱讀文章來說,弄懂意群至關(guān)重要。因此,在平時的閱讀練習中,要注意在從句的分析、非謂語動詞的辨析、詞語的搭配及句子的邏輯關(guān)系等方面多下功夫,這樣才能提高閱讀能力,爭取六級考試得高分。
1?當出現(xiàn)復(fù)合句時,特別是定語從句和賓語從句,若定語從句關(guān)系詞或賓語從句連接詞that被省略,考生常常會打亂意群,讀起來不得要領(lǐng)。例如:
① The crafts people buy include things to decorate their homes,clothes for their children and gifts for their friends,holidays,weddings or special occasions.
people buy是定語從句,限制the crafts,如果將The crafts people看作一個意群,則后面的buy include things便沒法理解了。
② He must capture the horse.He knew better man than he had tried.
此例第二句中的knew后省略了that,better m an than he屬于一個意群,是這個賓語從句的主語,若把he knew better放在一起讀,下文就讀不通了。
2.非謂語動詞-ing形式與-ed形式引起的麻煩。例如:
③ Assembly will have limited self- governing powers,British say it could be as long as 30 years before the North might be in charge of its own affairs.
這里will have不與 limited一起構(gòu)成將來完成時,will have后應(yīng)稍有停頓,lim ited用作形容詞,作前置定語,修飾self-governing powers,它們構(gòu)成一個意群,是“有限的自治權(quán)”的意思。
④ For those who prefer reading the evening newspaper offers the reader the possibility of reading the news others see and hear on TV.
本句中,reading出現(xiàn)兩次,第一個reading是名詞化的動名詞,不能直接帶賓語,后面應(yīng)有停頓,the evening newspaper不是 reading的賓語,它屬于下一個意群,是句子的主語;第二個reading是動詞的-ing形式, the news是它的賓語。
3.分不清句中詞的搭配關(guān)系。例如:
⑤A few bloodhounds and threats cleared the village of all the Indian inhabitants.
此句中的of不表示所有關(guān)系,因此不與village構(gòu)成一個意群,它與cleared搭配,cleared...of...是“從……清除……”的意思。
⑥The petition asked that during June,July,and August the working hours be changed from 8 to 5 with an hour off for lunch to 7 to 3:30 with a half-hour for lunch.
be changed以下部分的意群容易搞錯,考生正在這里兜圈子,他們的視線停留在be changed from 8to 5,于是看不懂下文了。應(yīng)該說from與句中的第二個to搭配,from后的8 to 5with an hour off for lunch是一個意群。第二個to后面7 to 3:30with a half-hour for lunch是另一個意群。這樣讀意思就理解了:要求作息時間從原來的上午8點至下午5點,中間留一個小時吃午餐改為上午7點至下午3點30分,中間留半個小時吃午餐。
4.分不清and所連接的成分在層次上的差別。例如:
⑦Among the factors responsible for the higher crop yields per acre are the widespread use of m achinery for power,the development of better fertilizers,the breeding of better varieties,particularly semidwarf wheat and rice and hybrid sorghum and corn,and the more efficient use of irrigation.
例句中連用了四個and,第四個and連接的部分是第一層次,在particularly...corn這部分中,第二個and連接的是第二層次,第一個與第三個and連接的是第三層次,semidwarf wheat and rice與hybrid sorghum and corn應(yīng)視作兩小項,不可分為四項,semidwarf既修飾wheat也修飾rice;hybrid同時修飾sorghum與corn。
5.分不清this/these/that/those等是指示代詞還是限定詞。作指示代詞可以代替名詞單獨使用,而作限定詞時,它們修飾名詞,不能單獨使用。例如:
⑧If his savings,pension,and social security are substantial,he can engage in charitable or religious activities.But the self-reliant American finds these poor substitutes for those social and business activities which once occupied his time and energies.
these是指示代詞,代替上文中的 charitable or religious activities而充當 finds的賓語,poor substitutes是賓語的補語,意思是說:發(fā)現(xiàn)慈善、宗教活動不能取代原來從事的社交、商業(yè)活動。若把 these看作限定詞,則these poor substitutes成了一個意群,語意大相徑庭。
6.英語句子中那些從邏輯上講應(yīng)該接續(xù)的成分被分隔時,如果不能確定被分割的成分,也就不能正確讀懂意群。例如:
⑨ The prisoners are overcrowded, with many cells intended for one man occupied by three.
這句中的關(guān)鍵是要注意with短語中的分隔,即with所帶的賓語m any cells與賓補occupied之間被充當后置定語的過去分詞短語intended for one man隔開,其意群的劃分應(yīng)該是with many cells/intended for one man/occupied by three,整個句子的意思是:監(jiān)獄現(xiàn)在過度擁擠,許多原來關(guān)一個人的單身牢房現(xiàn)在關(guān)三個人。
對于篇幅較大,長句較多的閱讀文章來說,弄懂意群至關(guān)重要。因此,在平時的閱讀練習中,要注意在從句的分析、非謂語動詞的辨析、詞語的搭配及句子的邏輯關(guān)系等方面多下功夫,這樣才能提高閱讀能力,爭取六級考試得高分。
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