2021年高考英語重點(diǎn)語法梳理總結(jié)

由天下分享時間：2022-04-02 22:07:46 加入收藏我要投稿點(diǎn)贊

想要學(xué)好英語首先先你要端正心態(tài)，不要急躁，平靜的做你自己的事，這樣才能靜下心來學(xué)習(xí)。下面是小編為大家整理的有關(guān)高考英語重點(diǎn)語法總結(jié)，希望對你們有幫助!

1高考英語重點(diǎn)語法總結(jié)：直接引語和間接引語

(一)直接引述別人的原話，叫做直接引語;用自己話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫做間接引語。間接引語一般構(gòu)成賓語從句。直接引

語必須放在引號內(nèi)，間接引語則不用引號。直接引語改為間接引語時，除將引語部分變成賓語從句外，還必須對直接引語中的人

稱、時態(tài)、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語等進(jìn)行改變。

1.時態(tài)的變化：直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，通常受轉(zhuǎn)述動詞

said,asked等的影響而使用過去化的時態(tài)，即把原來的時態(tài)向過

去推，也就是一般現(xiàn)在時變?yōu)橐话氵^去時，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時變?yōu)檫^去進(jìn)行時，等等。例如：

Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.”

→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.

2.人稱代詞、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語等等的變化：

根據(jù)意義進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的變化，例如：

She asked Jack,“Where have you been?”

→She asked Jack where he had been.

He said,“These books are mine.”

→He said that those books were his.

(二)直接引語改為間接引語時，都使用陳述語序，但是因?yàn)樵涞木涫讲煌宰兂砷g接引語時所用的連詞會有所不同

。直接引語如果是一般疑問句，用連接詞whether或if;如果是特殊疑問句，則用疑問詞引導(dǎo)間接引語。轉(zhuǎn)述的動詞一般用asked，

可以在其后加上一個間接賓語me,him,her,us等。如：

She said,“Is your father at home?”

→She asked me if/whether my father was at home.

“What do you do every Sunday?”My friend asked me.

→My friend asked me what I did every Sunday.

直接引語如果是祈使句，改為間接引語時，要將祈使句的動詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式，并在不定式的前面根據(jù)原句的語氣(

即請求或命令)加上ask,tell,order等動詞，如果祈使句為否定式，則在不定式前加not。其句型為：ask/tell/order someone

(not)to do something.例如：

She said to us,“Please sit down.”

→She asked us to sit down.

He said to him,“Go away!”

→He ordered him to go away.

He said,“Don’t make so much noise,boys.”

→He told the boys not to make so much noise.

2高考英語重點(diǎn)語法總結(jié)：各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)概述

被動語態(tài)的概念：它是動詞的一種形式，表示主語與謂語之間的執(zhí)行或被執(zhí)行關(guān)系。主動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動作的執(zhí)行者，例如：They saw the little boy crying by the river.被動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動作的承受者，例如：The little boy was seen crying by the river.

被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成

被動語態(tài)的形式是由“助動詞be+動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動詞be隨著主語的人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)等的不同而變化。幾種常見時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式如下：

1.一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/are+過去分詞

例如：Rice is planted in the south of China.

2.一般過去時was/were+過去分詞

例如：These trees were planted the year before last.

3.一般將來時will/shall+be+過去分詞

例如：A sports meeting will be held next week in our school.

4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時am/is/are+being+過去分詞

例如：Your radio is being repaired now.

5.過去進(jìn)行時was/were+being+過去分詞

When he got there,the problem was being discussed.

6.現(xiàn)在完成時have/has+been+過去分詞

His work has been finished.

Has his work been finished? Yes,it has./No,it hasn’t.

7.過去完成時had+been+過去分詞

注意：1.除了be之外的其它系動詞如get,stay等也可以和過

去分詞構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。例如：Their questions haven’t got answered.

2.含有情態(tài)動詞的謂語變成被動語態(tài)使用“情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：

More attention should be paid to the old in this country.

This work can’t be done until Mr.Black comes.

3.含有“be going to”,“be to”等結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語，其被動語態(tài)分別用“be going to+be+過去分詞”和“be to+be+過去分詞”。例如：The problem is going to be discussed at the next meeting.

All these books are to be taken to the library.

4.被動語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別：“連系動詞+用作表語的過去分詞”構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu)，與被動語態(tài)的形式完全一樣，所以應(yīng)注

意它們的區(qū)別。被動語態(tài)中的過去分詞是動詞，多強(qiáng)調(diào)動作;系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，多強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。前者通常可用by 引出動作的執(zhí)行者，而后者則不可以。例如：

The map was changed by someone.(被動結(jié)構(gòu))

That custom remained unchanged for many centuries.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))

系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞通常可被very修飾，被動語態(tài)中的過去分詞往往要用much修飾。

例如：He was very excited.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))

He was much excited by her words.(被動結(jié)構(gòu))

5.主動形式表被動意義。有些動詞的主動形式有被動意味，如 open,read,sell,shut,wash,wear,write等。此時句子的主語一般是物。

例如：These books sell well.這些書很暢銷。

The door won’t shut.這門關(guān)不上。

The clothes wash well.這些衣服很好洗。