托福聽(tīng)力中歷史類(lèi)話題的出現(xiàn)概率很高，可以說(shuō)是比較熱門(mén)的話題之一了。因此掌握其內(nèi)容重點(diǎn)可以有效提升考生的聽(tīng)力解題正確率。今天小編給大家?guī)?lái)了托福聽(tīng)力高頻歷史類(lèi)話題如何聽(tīng)重點(diǎn),希望能夠幫助到大家，一起來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)吧。
托福聽(tīng)力高頻歷史類(lèi)話題如何聽(tīng)重點(diǎn)
托福聽(tīng)力歷史話題關(guān)鍵要素：主題關(guān)鍵詞
主題關(guān)鍵詞總是會(huì)出現(xiàn)和發(fā)展、起源或者歷史相關(guān)的詞匯(e.g develpoment, change, origin, historical)，舉例來(lái)說(shuō)：
Professor: And what instrument comes to mind when you think of rock ‘n' roll?
Student: The electric Guitar?
Professor: Exactly. I think it's fair to say that the sound of the electric guitar typifies the rock ‘n’ roll genre,which became popular in the 1950s. But really the instrument we know today was the result of a continuing development that started for our practical purposes in the 1920s. But long before that even,people were experimenting with ways to modify traditional acoustic guitars.
注意到文章開(kāi)頭做了兩件事情：一. 提出話題“ Electrical Guitar”; 二. 提出了歷史類(lèi)文章要素, 教授說(shuō)到電吉他是一個(gè)“the result of a continuing development” 而且人們很早之前就開(kāi)始“ modify acoustic guitar”，自然而然我們就能推測(cè)文章是要講電吉他是如何發(fā)展起來(lái)的。
托福聽(tīng)力歷史話題關(guān)鍵要素：影響
所謂影響，其中包括話題的發(fā)展;發(fā)展過(guò)程中所受到的影響;其所產(chǎn)生的影響;具體的影響是什么，怎么影響的。來(lái)看下例：
The first guitars were wooden. This is the Spanish guitar and the strings were made from animal products. Then came steel strings. And that led to the lap guitar,which is also called the steel guitar because the player slides a steel rod up and down the neck. And those are all acoustic guitars. OK?
But then eventually we have electric guitars. Over the years,many inventors and musicians contributed to the design of these instruments. And each design was intended to alter the sound in some way,at first at least with the electric guitar,to make it louder.
很明顯的，教授接下來(lái)就開(kāi)始講到吉他的發(fā)展過(guò)程，第一種吉他，wooden aka spanish guitar;接著steel guitar;lap guitar;然后有了electric guitar。而且重點(diǎn)說(shuō)到“ 很多的發(fā)明者和音樂(lè)家對(duì)這種樂(lè)器的設(shè)計(jì)做出了貢獻(xiàn)，而且每次的修改的目的就是為了改變電吉他的聲音，也就是要素中提到的對(duì)話題的影響。
托福聽(tīng)力歷史話題關(guān)鍵要素：時(shí)間
歷史類(lèi)話題的第三個(gè)關(guān)鍵要素是時(shí)間。當(dāng)然，大家可能會(huì)注意到，下面例子提到的具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn)貌似只有兩個(gè)1890s 和1920s。但是總的來(lái)講，歷史類(lèi)的文章，時(shí)間順序是一件非常關(guān)鍵的事情，因?yàn)樵谥v到某個(gè)事物的發(fā)展總是會(huì)從前往后說(shuō)，提醒一點(diǎn)的是，時(shí)間本身不重要，只要搞明白誰(shuí)前誰(shuí)后即可。
So let's get back to when the steel guitar was first introduced in the United States. It was right after the Spanish-American war in the late 1890s. US sailors who were stationed in Hawaii—then a US territory—were very enamored with the music they heard there. Uh,Hawaiian music was based on the steel guitar I just described. Some sailors learned how to play the steel guitar and brought it home to the States. Before long,Hawaiian steel guitar music was all the rage in the mainland US. It actually had a strong influence on the development of several musical genres,rock ‘n' roll most notably,but also jazz and blues.
Anyway,by the 1920s,with the advent of the public dance movement,people were gathering in large groups to listen to steel guitar music. But they had trouble hearing it,especially in large public settings. As I mentioned,the instrument was played horizontally,on the lap. Since the strings faced upward,the sound was projected toward the ceiling rather than outward toward the audience. Something had to be done,because the music venues and the audience kept getting larger and larger.
托福聽(tīng)力歷史話題關(guān)鍵要素：話題特點(diǎn)和任務(wù)
在時(shí)間要素之后出現(xiàn)的就是要素四：話題的特點(diǎn)以及時(shí)有時(shí)無(wú)的要素五：人物，一般這兩點(diǎn)都是融合在一起的。
Electrified guitars already existed by the time Les Paul came into the picture around 1940. What Paul did was experiment with ways of removing the distortions and he succeeded. He designed a guitar with a solid body that relied solely on electronics. Paul's solid body eliminated the vibrations,and thus the distortions.
此處教授講到Les Paul此人對(duì)于電吉他的修改，使得電吉他有了一個(gè)”solid body” ， 減少了聲音失真的狀況。
尤其要注意，如果一篇文章出現(xiàn)了好幾個(gè)人和一個(gè)事物的好幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)的時(shí)候，一定要警覺(jué)起來(lái)，區(qū)分清楚哪個(gè)特點(diǎn)，屬于哪個(gè)人物，這通常都是要出難題的前兆。
托福聽(tīng)力：突破三大障礙得高分
一詞匯障礙
在托福考試的各個(gè)項(xiàng)目中，詞匯掌握的越扎實(shí)，備考之路也就是越通暢。同樣，在托福聽(tīng)力的考試中，場(chǎng)景類(lèi)的材料占有很大的比重，其中涉及到很多有關(guān)場(chǎng)景類(lèi)的詞匯。而正因?yàn)檫@樣，熟練的識(shí)別、拼寫(xiě)出場(chǎng)景詞匯，成了能否取得高分的重要因素。所以，在托福聽(tīng)力備考過(guò)程中，整理好一些常用的場(chǎng)景詞匯，對(duì)于聽(tīng)力的備考是會(huì)帶來(lái)很大幫助的。而特別是一些難度卻較大的場(chǎng)景。比如 pass the exam with flying colors 意為以優(yōu)異成績(jī)通過(guò)考試，就不能僅僅詞匯表面上含義加以簡(jiǎn)單的理解。
二速度障礙
對(duì)于初入托福聽(tīng)力的備考學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，“聽(tīng)力速度跟不上”幾乎是所有人都會(huì)遇到的一個(gè)問(wèn)題。而要解決這樣的問(wèn)題，其實(shí)也并沒(méi)有其他什么特別的技巧，練習(xí)就是一的方法了。建議大家可以在每天早晨聽(tīng)一些跟考試難易程度比較接近的練習(xí)題，甚至進(jìn)行一定的跟讀，使耳朵在考試前就熱身起來(lái)。這樣長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的堅(jiān)持會(huì)讓自己的耳朵在聽(tīng)力考試的時(shí)間段內(nèi)很快進(jìn)入狀態(tài)
三情緒障礙
即使在托福聽(tīng)力備考中練習(xí)的非常完美，有時(shí)難免還會(huì)在考場(chǎng)上有失手的情況的。因?yàn)椋懈Ｂ?tīng)力的考試中總是還會(huì)涉及到一些情緒控制的問(wèn)題。比如，如果在道題目中我們就感到緊張，就會(huì)導(dǎo)致自己很難進(jìn)入考試狀態(tài)，之后也就讓自己錯(cuò)誤連篇了。因此考生需要在考試當(dāng)天早上起來(lái)后聽(tīng)一些有關(guān)托福聽(tīng)力考試的練習(xí)題，這樣可以保證在考試的時(shí)候不至于耳生，情緒也會(huì)相對(duì)的保持一個(gè)穩(wěn)定的狀態(tài)。
總之，對(duì)于我們初入聽(tīng)力備考的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，在進(jìn)入備考狀態(tài)的過(guò)程中，總是會(huì)有一些高分障礙。
托福聽(tīng)力：描述事物的順序
1. 時(shí)間順序。
在敘說(shuō)一個(gè)事物史的發(fā)展的時(shí)候，通常是采取時(shí)間漸進(jìn)的方式來(lái)敘述。先怎么樣，再怎么樣，后怎么樣。
2. 空間順序。
在介紹一個(gè)事物的時(shí)候，也會(huì)采用空間移動(dòng)的順序。里面怎么樣，外面怎么樣，前面怎么樣，后面怎么樣，上面怎么樣，下面怎么樣。
3. 好壞順序。
在介紹新產(chǎn)品的時(shí)候，往往會(huì)先說(shuō)它的幾個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)，然后再說(shuō)它缺點(diǎn)。在介紹某種現(xiàn)象的時(shí)候，也會(huì)先說(shuō)它帶來(lái)的好處，再說(shuō)它的壞處。
注意：對(duì)于分類(lèi)，也許還不太完善。也許不太合理，也許還有其他的遺漏。而且有的時(shí)候，托福考試聽(tīng)力文章通常會(huì)是兩種順序交叉或者交替進(jìn)行。其實(shí)不管怎么樣分，聽(tīng)的過(guò)程中主要是聽(tīng)清分點(diǎn)和結(jié)構(gòu)，提供的這些順序，只是幫助大家記憶的。我們?cè)谕懈Ｂ?tīng)力文章的時(shí)候就得抓住如上重點(diǎn)，聽(tīng)完后得知道文章說(shuō)了哪幾點(diǎn)，是采取什么順序來(lái)組織的。
當(dāng)聽(tīng)出文章的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)后，我們自然能把握好文章的主題，這樣TOPIC題和尾巴題就不在話下了，而對(duì)于做細(xì)節(jié)題，也同樣非常有幫助的。因?yàn)榇蠹抑溃琓OEFL是順序出題的，了解了結(jié)構(gòu)，對(duì)于第幾題對(duì)應(yīng)那個(gè)段，自然是非常清楚。
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