翻譯技巧：英語形容詞翻譯的小竅門

你了解英語翻譯嗎?英語和漢語語言結構和表達習慣有很多差異之處，翻譯時往往能死扣原文逐詞逐句譯出。下面小編就和大家分享翻譯技巧：英語形容詞翻譯的小竅門，希望能夠幫助到大家，來欣賞一下吧。

翻譯技巧：英語形容詞翻譯的小竅門

一、一些原義并無否定意思的形容詞和別的詞搭配，有時可譯成否定句。

1. These goods are in short supply.

這些貨物供應不足。

2. This equation is far from being complicated.

這個方程一定也不復雜。

二、為了使譯文自然流暢，讀起來順口，在一些形容詞前可根據上下文內容加上副詞“很”、“最”等字。

1. It was as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.

這是我度過最愉快的一天。

2. It is easy to compress a gas.

氣體很容易壓縮。

三、有時可將英語的“形容詞+名詞短語”譯成漢語的主謂結構1到100的英語單詞。

1. She spoke in a high voice.

她講話聲音很尖。

2. This engine develops a high torque.

這臺發動機產生的轉矩很大。

四、如果一個名詞前有幾個形容詞修飾，英譯時應根據漢語習慣決定其順序。

1. a large brick conference hall

一個用磚砌的大會議廳

2. a plastic garden chair

一把在花園里用的塑料椅子

五、英語中一些表示知覺、情感、欲望等心理狀態的形容詞，同連系動詞構成復合謂語時，翻譯時可將形容詞譯成動詞。

1. You are ignorant of the duties you undertake in marrying.

你完全不懂你在婚姻方面承擔的責任。

2. Such criticisms have become familiar in his later commentaries on America.

類似的批評在他后來寫的評論美國的文章中屢見不鮮。

3. He is truly sorry for his past, and he has undertaken to give up motorcars entirely and for ever.

他誠懇地懺悔過去，并保證永遠不再玩汽車。

六、由于語言習慣不同，英語里的形容詞有時譯成漢語副詞。

1. I am going to be good and sweet and kind to every body.

我要對每一個人都親切、溫柔、甜蜜。

2. He asked me for a full account of myself and family.

他詳盡地問起我自己和我家里的情況。

3. Another war will be the absolute end of our country.

再來一次戰爭將徹底毀滅我們這個國家

2020上半年翻譯資格考試一級筆譯考試精選習題

How to Deal with a Changing Workplace: Worry Less, Prepare More

工作環境變化應如何應對?少擔憂，多準備

“The only thing we have to fear is fear itself,” President Franklin Roosevelt told the country in 1933. His message came amid the epic unemployment of the Great Depression, but the same fear over jobs is very much alive today.

美國前總統富蘭克林·羅斯福在1933年曾向國家宣布：“我們唯一值得恐懼的是恐懼本身。”他是在美國大蕭條期間失業潮肆虐時發表的這番講話。然而，人們如今又陷入了同樣的失業恐懼當中。

More than 75% of U.S. households are anxious about job loss related to automation, artificial intelligence, and globalization, according to former U.S. Secretary of Commerce, Penny Pritzker. Speaking at Fortune’s Brainstorm Tech conference in Aspen, Colo., on last Monday, Pritzker said this fear is unhealthy and that the country has to do more to prepare Americans for a changing workplace.

美國商務部前任部長佩妮·普利茨克稱，超過75%的美國家庭對自動化、人工智能和全球化引發的工作崗位消失感到擔憂。普利茨克上周一在科羅拉多州阿斯彭市舉辦的《財富》科技頭腦風暴大會上講話時指出，這種恐懼是不健康的，而且美國應開展更多的工作，幫助美國人應對工作環境的變化。

“In the U.S., there’s a friction between education and being ready for work. We need to make it easier for people to get skills,” said Pritzker, who led a task force by the Council on Foreign Relations that recently issued a major report on the issue.

普利茨克說：“在美國，教育和職業培訓之間存在摩擦。我們應提供更多的便利，幫助人們獲取相關技能。”外交關系委員會的一個工作組最近圍繞該議題發布了一篇重要報道，該工作組的負責人便是普利茨克。

She added that the U.S. should emulate the likes of Germany and Switzerland, and boost the amount of practical apprenticeships available to Americans. Pritzker also stressed that American families need to see a career path from the tenth grade into a workplace in which robots and machine learning will have a bigger and bigger place.

她還指出，美國應效仿德國和瑞士的做法，為美國民眾提供更多實用的實習機會。普利茨克還強調，美國家庭應看到，孩子們從十年級開始便有一條直通職場的道路，而且在未來職場中，機器人和機器學習將發揮越來越大的作用。

This notion that the country must spend less time fearing automation, and more time preparing for it is shared by Bradley Tusk, who runs the venture capital firm Tusk Ventures. He cited the example of automated trucking, which will eliminate jobs but also give rise to new ones.

美國不應耗費過多的時間去恐懼自動化，而是應該投入更多的精力為現狀做準備，這一觀點也得到了布拉德利·塔斯克的首肯。布拉德利運營著風投資本公司Tusk Ventures。他列舉了自動化卡車運輸這個案例，雖然它導致了一些工作的消亡，但也催生出了一些新工作。

Pritzker and Tusk also identified immigration as another pain point in the U.S. workforce.

普利茨克和塔斯克還發現，移民是美國勞動力的另一個痛點。

“If you look at the polling, and get the politics out of it, you see Americans want legal immigration to work well,” said Tusk, who says immigration is among many controversial topics on which most of the country agrees. The trouble, he added, is the current political system, in which activist primary voters hold sway, thwarts compromise and consensus.

塔斯克表示：“如果看看民調，并剔除其中的政治因素，我們就會知道，美國民眾希望這些合法移民能夠很好地工作。”他還指出，移民是眾多頗具爭議的話題之一，這一點大多數國家都有同感。他表示，問題的源頭在于當前的政治體系，其中，激進的初選民眾處于統治地位，而反對者則不斷妥協并與其達成共識。

Tusk said on stage at Brainstorm Tech on last Monday that the country needs a simpler voting system, in which citizens could cast ballots with their smartphones. He claimed this would increase voter participation and elect more politicians who would enact middle-of-the-road solutions on immigration and other issues.

塔斯克上周一在科技頭腦風暴大會的演講中指出，美國應簡化其投票系統，從而讓其民眾可以通過其智能手機投票。他表示，此舉將提升選民的參與度，同時選出更多能夠圍繞移民和其他問題，推出中間方案的政客。

Solving the immigration impasse may also be critical to the future health of the American workforce. According to Pritzker, immigration is driving growth in foreign cities like Toronto, while the U.S. is pursuing policies, including restrictions on spousal visas, that make it harder to attract talent.

解決移民僵局可能對于美國未來勞動力的健康度至關重要。普利茨克稱，移民正在推動多倫多這類城市的增長，而美國奉行的政策，包括配偶簽證限制，加大了美國吸引人才的難度。

“It’s crazy to say you get an H1-b visa but your spouse can’t work,” she said.

她說：“你拿到了H1-b簽證，但你的配偶卻不能工作，這一點聽起來真的是不可思議。”

Both Pritzker and Tusk said, for now, the U.S. government may not be able to muster the political will to solve the hard questions over training and immigration. Instead, they said the best chance for reform may come from state and local politicians.

普利茨克和塔斯克都曾表示，如今，美國政府可能無法攬獲足夠的政治意愿，來解決職業培訓和移民這類難題。然而，他們說，最有可能出現的改革可能會源于州或當地的政客。

2020上半年翻譯資格考試一級筆譯考試精選習題

Inside the Pop-up Economy

幾千塊就能開家小店?英國出現“快閃店”電商平臺

In the dirge of news about retail failure, where once impregnable institutions like House of Fraser and Marks and Spencer are now husks of their former selves, the high street would seem to be in mortal danger. Right? Wrong, says Ross Bailey, a 26-year-old retail entrepreneur: “The problem is that most high-street stores are crap.”

零售企業紛紛倒下。曾經堅不可摧的House of Fraser和馬莎百貨(Marks and Spencer)如今都只剩下一具軀殼。挽歌唱響，高街零售業似乎走到了生死關頭。難道不對嗎?當然不對!在26歲的零售企業家羅斯·貝利(Ross Bailey)看來，“問題出在大多數高街百貨商店品質堪憂。”

Lest we forget, 90 per cent of sales are still made in bricks-and-mortar buildings. But shorter leases, changing consumer loyalties and online stores have changed the way we shop. And traditional stores are increasingly being replaced by more short-term “pop-up” solutions.

先提醒一句，目前社會消費品銷售總額的90%仍是在實體店完成的。但隨著商鋪租約的縮短，消費者忠誠度不斷變化，加上電商的發展，我們的購物方式也在改變。此外，傳統商店正逐步讓位于經營期限更短的“快閃”(Pop-up)模式。

“The death of the high street is grossly exaggerated,” Bailey continues. “It dies when it’s homogenous and uninteresting. When it’s done right, it’s a totally different story.”

“高街的衰亡被過分夸大了。”貝利接著說道，“如果高街零售商繼續同質化經營和無趣，消亡是不可避免的。但如果經營得當，情況會完全不同。”

In 2012, Bailey founded Appear Here, an online marketplace for short-term retail designed to disrupt the commercial space. Brands go to the website to search for a space, book a time slot and earmark a budget and then Appear Here connects them with a landlord.

2012年，貝利創建了零售商鋪短租平臺Appear Here，旨在顛覆商業地產市場。品牌可以通過該平臺搜索場地，列出時間段和預算，而Appear Here則會為他們介紹房東。

If the brand and the landlord are a match, the deal goes ahead. Some shops pop up for only a week, others rent for years – either way, it’s a “pay as you go” business, where even the most powerful brands can test a new market without long-term commitment.

如果品牌與房東的要求匹配，就達成交易。一些商鋪僅擺設一周時間，有些則會租上數年——無論哪種，都采取“現收現付”模式。就連那些最有影響力的品牌都可以通過這種模式來試水新市場，而不必簽下長期合約。

Today, Bailey oversees a network that includes 160,000 brands and 6,000 retail spaces, throughout London, Paris and New York, and represents every kind of business, from the tiniest market-stall artisans to the most powerful brands in the world, such as Apple, Nike and Louis Vuitton. And the shops just keep popping.

如今，貝利的服務范圍包括16萬個品牌和6000個零售場地，覆蓋了倫敦、巴黎和紐約全城，遍布每一個行業——從最微小的市場擺攤手藝人，到蘋果、耐克和路易威登等全球最有影響力的品牌。且快閃商店還在持續增多。

This week, Appear Here launches its next innovation, a six-part collection of modular furniture designed for short-term retail. The pieces can be rented by the week, come in three different finishes, and include everything the modern shopkeeper might need, from a hanging rail to a fitting room to a shelving unit and a cash desk.

日前，Appear Here推出了又一項創新：由6部分組成的模塊家具。這套家具專門為短租零售而設計。家具可以按周租賃，有三種不同漆面，包括了現代商店可能用到的一切：從衣架、試衣間，到貨架和收銀臺。

The collection was designed by Richard Found, whose day job is tending to the look of luxury commercial spaces. He describes the fixtures as “ego-less”, with a focus on “pure design”. All can be adapted to any environment and it’s sleek, simple – and idiot-proof.

這套家具由理查德·方德(Richard Found)設計，他的正業是為奢侈品牌設計門店。在他眼中，這些固定裝置做到了“無我”，專注于“純設計”。所有裝置都能適應各種環境，造型流線，簡潔，且易于安裝。

The incentives for such a collaboration are many. First, it will scale the business, increasing Appear Here’s profile as a one-stop pop-up platform through which you can also staff and service your store. Second, it will offer even the humblest of retailers a little more luxury gloss.

合作設計這樣一套家具是出于多項考慮。首先，這樣能促進規模化運營，提升Appear Here作為一站式快閃平臺的形象——人們可以通過該平臺為商店雇人和購買服務。其次，這能為哪怕是最不起眼的零售商增添一絲高級感。

Both are feeling bullish about the future of the high street. But they insist it must adapt. “Your store doesn’t need to be in one place anymore,” says Bailey. “Before, if you didn’t have your store, your business was over because where would the person find you? Now you’ve always got a presence that exists.”

對于高街零售業的未來，二人都持樂觀態度。但他們堅稱高街必須適應新形勢。“你的商店沒必要固守在一個地方。”貝利表示，“以前，倘若沒有自己的店面，你的生意就完了，因為人們該去哪里找你?但現在你永遠都有實體窗口。”

And he’s persuasive on the power of the pop-up as a marketing tool. “Digital direct-to-consumer brands are now paying so much for digital advertising.” With social-media reach and the right user-friendly experience, “one little shop can create something that builds a connection with millions of people that don’t even happen to walk past it. Experience is a currency that spreads.”

此外，他關于快閃店營銷功能的看法也非常有說服力。“目前，直接面向消費者(DTC)的數字品牌在數字廣告方面投入巨大。”有了社交媒體的宣傳，再能提供友好的用戶體驗，“一家小店可以與數百萬消費者建立聯系，哪怕這些消費者并沒有親自路過。體驗就是流通貨幣。”

Bailey’s hope is that the pop-up will help make the high street “a place of discovery” once more. “Anyone can have a shop,” he says.

貝利希望，快閃模式能幫助高街零售商店再一次成為“充滿發現之地”。 “人人都能開店。”

Some of his favourite anecdotes concern the more unusual enterprises he’s helped bring to life – like the parents who, in lieu of an iPad, bought their son a ￡600 birthday pop-up from which to launch his T-shirt brand for two weeks.

他最喜歡講的一些趣事，就是他幫助實現的那些不尋常的店鋪——例如，一對父母花費600英鎊，給他們的兒子買了一個為期兩周的快閃店作為生日禮物，而不是iPad，用來發布他的T恤品牌。

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