參加catti考試,大家準備好了嗎?翻譯考試總會有一些特質在里面,大家緊張是正常的,但不要過分緊張,難點總會有攻克的方法,答題也要有清晰的思路。下面小編就和大家分享CATTI 二級筆譯綜合解題步驟及技巧,希望能夠幫助到大家,來欣賞一下吧。
CATTI二級筆譯綜合解題步驟及技巧
Error Correction部分
題型分析
本題分值20分,20道選擇題,建議時間約20分鐘。考題是一個句子,可能是簡單句,也可能是復合句。要求考生能夠識別句中劃線部分的錯誤,并從后面提供的四個選項中選擇一個來替代劃線部分。本部分主要考查考生對語法、句法錯誤的識別,語義及邏輯關系的判斷,詞語搭配錯誤的甄別,習慣用語的正確使用等。考生須有扎實的語法、句法知識和過硬的語言運用能力才能正確作答。
測試重點
從近三年的考題來看,改錯部分中語法、句法問題占80%以上,詞語搭配錯誤占15%以上。所考部分的內容主要涉及以下方面:
(1) 非謂語動詞形式(過去分詞,現在分詞,不定式)的用法,包括非謂語動詞在句中作狀語、定語和賓語的用法,非謂語動詞的語態表現,邏輯主語是否與主句主語一致等;
(2) 代詞的用法,包括代詞的指代(例如代詞在比較狀語從句中的指代),it 作形式賓語(即復合賓語中的用法)和形式主語的用法,反身代詞的用法,關系代詞在引導定語從句時的使用等;
(3) 被動語態結構(其中助動詞中可能還會有情態動詞),包括不定式和現在分詞等非謂語形式的被動語態結構;
(4) 主謂一致,包括帶of phrase的名詞詞組作主語時的主謂一致,主語后面帶并列或附帶成分時的主謂一致,集體名詞作主語時的主謂一致,倒裝句中的主謂一致等;
(5) 獨立主格結構;
(6) 定語的用法,包括前置定語,以及作后置定語的常用詞和短語;
(7) 副詞的用法(包括關系副詞的用法、介詞+關系代詞替代關系副詞等形式)及其在句中的位置;
(8) 形容詞的用法,包括以-ly結尾的且易混淆為副詞的常見形容詞,作后置定語的形容詞,表示情感或看法的形容詞與不定式連用,以及形容詞用于it is +adj+that 從句等固定句型等;
(9) 常見介詞的意義及用法(包括復合介詞和以-ing結尾的介詞的用法,介詞接賓語從句的用法等;
(10) 情態動詞的用法,涉及情態動詞的意義,及其在被動語態結構中用作助動詞等;
(11) 時態的用法,包括現在時,過去時,將來時,完成時,以及have gone 與have been的區別等;
(12) 狀語從句的用法,涉及時間、原因、讓步,目的,伴隨,比較等狀語從句;
(13) 連詞的使用,包括并列連詞,引導狀語從句的連詞等;
(14) 定語從句,包括分隔式定語從句等;
(15) 表語從句,涉及固定句型的表語從句;
(16) 名詞從句,涉及主語從句和賓語從句等 ;
(17) 同位語及同位語從句的用法;
(18) 倒裝句,涉及部分倒裝和全部倒裝句,包括否定詞放在句首時的倒裝,so(such)...that...等句型的倒裝等;
(19) 限定詞的使用,包括冠詞等;
(20) 含蓄條件句(用作非真實條件句)的形式及用法,祈使句及名詞詞組用作條件句時的辨析;
(21) 虛擬語氣的意義及用法;
(22) 常見并列結構的形式及用法,包括平行結構等;
(23) 常見比較結構如more...than..., less...than..., as...as...等;
(24) hope或wish接賓語從句或雙賓語時的用法;
(25) 詞語搭配,主要涉及形容詞與介詞的搭配,動詞與介詞(副詞)的搭配等。
解題步驟
(1) 通讀全句,把握句子意義,識別句子結構和主要成分及附屬成分;
(2) 邊讀邊判斷句子結構、句型、句意、時態、語態、固定短語以及詞語搭配等,分析備選項,做出正確判斷,以達到語句正確,意義準確 ;
(3) 復查核對句子主干部分、從句主干部分、以及短語結構形式是否完整正確。視野擴大到全句,根據句子的形式和語義上的邏輯關系,反復推敲,排除模棱兩可的選項,疏通句意。
解題技巧
考生應該清楚的是本部分考查的不僅僅是語法知識,還加入了對語義邏輯的考察,是兩者的“混合雙打”。
最為重要的是在解題時首先要判斷出句子或從句的主干結構,再判斷其語義上是否通順連貫。因此考生對每個句子既要快讀也要細讀。如2016年上的55題:
They are intelligent animals and can see work together as they hunt schools of small fish.
A. can be seen working
B. to be seen working
C. can be seeing work
D. to be seeing work
【解析】本題在讀一次之后就能判斷出這是一個主從復合句,再讀時就會發現主句中的內容是兩個并列單句,由and連接;但從語義通順上來看,劃線部分卻不能像第一個單句一樣用主動語態,應該是被看見勞動,故選A。
從劃線部分著手
劃線部分經常會出現代詞指代混亂和限定性定語從句的引導詞指代混亂等錯誤。因此,如果句中劃線部分出現了這兩類詞,建議在沒有發現明顯錯誤之前,可以從這兩類詞下手進行詳細分析。通過確認其真實指代對象與其語法指代對象是否一致來排除一些錯誤選項。比如2017上的41題:
The office, laboratory, and museum are situated at the top of the hill in which they command a fine view.
A. where it commands
B. which it commands
C. where they command
D. which they command
【解析】從句子中可以看出本句有一個定語從句,從句中有主謂賓成分。它修飾的先行詞是hill, 表示地點,因此從句的引導詞應該是關系副詞,而劃線部分中卻用了in which,初一看好像是正確的,但如果再仔細讀一下,就會發現應該是從山上往下看,因此應該用from which才對,但選項中卻沒有,故選A。
靈活運用排除法
句中經常會出現明顯的語法錯誤或邏輯錯誤,尤其是在題干的劃線部分。對此,考生可以通過排除法縮小正確選項的范圍,再結合句子實際要表達的意思找出正確答案。比如2017上的43題
The runner, which for the competition for the first time in a major track meet, waited patiently in the starting blocks.
A. who was for the competition
B. that was about to compete
C.that was for the competition
D. who was about to compete
【解析】本題中一眼就能看出劃線部分的引導詞有問題,由于先行詞是人,所以從四個選項中就很容易排除B和C,然再從謂語部分的語義“在起跑處耐心等待”上來判斷,可知比賽尚未開始,故選D,因為其中的be about to do 表示即將開始。
巧用語法的對稱性
英語和漢語一樣,也講究句子結構的對稱。這一點在句子改錯中的比較項對照和平行結構中表現得尤為突出,即盡可能在語法功能上和表達形式上前后一致。因此,考生可以通過未劃線部分中的語法功能和表達形式來確定劃線部分中與之相對應的語法功能及表達形式,以達到快速排除錯誤選項的目的。比如2018上的59題和2017上的52題:
I see four kinds of pressure working on college students today: economic pressure, parental pressure, peer pressure, also not least but last, self-induced pressure.
A. or
B. and
C. yet
D. with
【解析】本題就是一個典型的平行結構,句中冒號后面出現的是內容相似,結構相同,無先后順序,無因果關系的并列成分。在英語的書面表達中,句子中出現兩個以上的并列成分,最后一個并列成分前面需要用一個連詞將并列項連接起來,故選B。
More surprising, perhaps, as traditional marriage the difficulty is the fact that marriage itself is alive and thriving.
A. as the current difficulties of traditional marriage
B. the current difficulties of traditional marriage
C. than the current difficulties of traditional marriage
D. what the current difficulties of traditional marriage
【解析】本題中句子一開始就出現了more surprising,我們就很容易預期后面能有than, 形成一個比較結構,但接下來就沒有連詞than出現,在劃線部分中出現的竟然是as...,這是典型的不對稱。故選C。
利用未劃線部分尋找線索和啟發
有時候僅就選項部分而言,會有幾個選項在表達上和句意上都是無可挑剔的。在此種情況下,再進行選項比較已毫無意義,而應該把目光放寬一些,到未劃線部分中去尋找一些線索。比如劃線部分與未劃線部分在人稱上是否一致,在主謂單復數上是否一致等等。比如2017上的57題:
We’re headed downtown on Saturday to see what’s being shown in the main art galleries. I’m told that Anne is very interested in modern art, so I hope she have joined our group.
A. will join
B. would join
C. will have joined
D. would have joined
【解析】本題中劃線部分用的時態是現在完成時,表示“已經加入”。但從第一句的意思we are headed...to see...來看,意思是我們計劃周六去觀賞現代美術展覽,因此很容易判斷出劃線部分時態不正確,故選A。
檢查常見的語法及搭配是否正確
檢查主謂是否一致,代詞是否一致,形容詞、副詞使用是否混淆,時態、語態是否正確,復合句中主句和從句的主謂結構是否完整,否定詞用在句首時句子是否倒裝,出現表示比較的詞時,比較結構是否正確,作狀語的是短語還是從句,狀語從句中的連詞使用是否正確,非謂語動詞形式的邏輯主語與句子主語是否一致,介詞的使用是否正確,定語從句的先行詞是哪一個,定語從句的引導詞是否正確,是否獨立主格結構等。茲舉例如下:
1、The project which will cost 34 million yuan designs to build more than 100 homes, restaurants and retail shops around the city. (2016下46題,考點是被動語態)
A. is designed
B. is designing
C. will be designed
D. will design
【解析】在做本題時首先找出句子的主干結構the project designs to build more than...。劃線部分是句子中的謂語動詞,但由于句子的主語是project,因此謂語動詞應該用被動式is designed(被設計成)而不是主動式。本題的考點涉及動詞的語態是否正確。
2、Because excessively hunting has depleted many wildlife species, preservation zones for wild animals are being established in some provinces. (2016下48題,考點是形容詞與副詞的用法區別)
A. excessive hunting
B. excessively being hunting
C. to excessively hunting
D. to have hunted excessively
【解析】這道題一眼就能看出,劃線部分在原因狀語從句中作主語,名詞hunting前面的定語卻是副詞excessively, 這明顯是名詞的修飾語使用不當,所以應當選擇A,用形容詞來修飾名詞。
3、The community is launching a campaign to reduce noise in the areas around apartments, many residents complain that they cannot sleep at night.(2016下50題,考點是連詞的用法區別)
A. lest many residents complain
B. though many residents complain
C. because many residents complain
D. as many residents complain
【解析】考生在讀完這句話后,很容易從語義上判斷出前面的分句給出結果,后面的分句是在說明造成結果的原因,因此劃線部分缺少一個表示原因的連詞。四個選項中, because引導的原因狀語從句指的是自然、直接的原因,與主句之間表示必然的因果關系,引導的從句多放在句末,故選C。本題不僅涉及語義上的邏輯關系,更主要的是能區分不同連詞在引導原因狀語從句時的用法區別。
4、Although we know a lot about his life, the reason for his death has remained a mystery, the most extreme possibility is murder. (2016上53題,考點是獨立主格結構)
A.being murder the most extreme possibility
B.with the most extreme possibility murder
C.being the most extreme possibility murder
D.with murder the most extreme possibility
【解析】本題中有三個分句,從語義上來看,頭兩個分句已經形成讓步與轉折關系,以主從復合句的形式完整地表達了主要意思。第三個分句只是對可能的原因進行一個猜測,無論是從形式上還是從意義上都處于附屬地位,因此它就不能像第二個分句一樣以完整的句子形式出現,故選D,以with+獨立主格結構形式來補充信息。
動詞與介詞的搭配是否得當,形容詞與介詞的搭配是否得當
如2016上的45 題:
Irrespective on its disadvantages, however, genetic engineering has proliferated swiftly.
A. with
B. to
C. of
D. from
【解析】本題中劃線部分的irrespective 是形容詞,意思為“不顧、無論,與……無關”,經常與介詞of 搭配使用,故選C。
再如2018上的50 題
An “epigram” is usually defined to be bright or witty thought that is tersely and ingeniously expressed.
A. defined as
B. defined being
C. defined to being
D. defined for being
【解析】本句是對epigram一詞下定義,劃線部分中define意思為“(給詞、短語等)下定義,構成釋義”,是不及物動詞,后面通常需要跟上介詞as,且常使用被動語態,故選A。
上述內容大家學會了嗎?面對考試相信大家都不可能無動于衷,沒有人想自己考試失敗,都是奔著成功而去。然而成功沒那么簡單,我們需要付出汗水與努力。在catti考試面前,滬江小編希望大家也能保持堅定的信念,積極備考,把自己的所學發揮出來。
2020年翻譯資格考試筆譯二級測試題
漢譯英:
科技在中國發展中起到了“第一生產力”的作用,科技活力的迸發同樣源于改革。Science and technology have served as the primary productive force in driving China's development. A robust scientific and technological sector would not be possible without reform.
Reform has also unleashed the vitality of science and technology, which have served as the primary driving force behind China’s robust development.
30多年來,我們不斷深化科研機構改革,在加強基礎研究的同時,讓科技人員進入市場去拼搏、去創造自己的價值,讓科技企業在市場競爭中發展壯大,激發了市場和創新的活力。
Over the past 30 years and more, we have deepened reform of science and technology institutions. While strengthening basic research, we have encouraged the scientific and technological personnel to compete in the market and create their own value. In this way, we have developed and grown scientific and technological companies through market competition, and boosted the vigor of the market and innovation.
We have been deepening the reform of research institutes over the past 30-odd years. While beefing up basic research, we have encouraged scientific staff to create value on the market and enabled technology enterprises to grow and expand amid market competition. As a result, we have reenergized the market and spurred innovation.
我們強力推進改革,就是要減少對創新活動的干預,讓想創業、能創新的人都有機會、可作為,形成“大眾創業、萬眾創新”的局面。
Through vigorous reform, we hope to reduce intervention in innovation, so that everyone with the willingness and ability to create and innovate will have the chance to succeed, leading to a situation of entrepreneurship and innovation by all.
We are vigorously advancing reforms to deregulate for innovation. We aim to spread opportunity to those entrepreneurial and innovative minds so that mass entrepreneurship and innovation will become the norm.
我們還將建立全覆蓋的社會保障和救助制度,這樣創業創新者即使失敗,也有一張“安全網”能夠兜住底,使創新失敗者反思后能夠進行新的創業。
We will also put in place social security and assistance systems covering the entire population so that all entrepreneurs and innovators will have a "safety net" to fall back on if and when they fail, and those who fail in innovation may reflect on themselves and start new entrepreneurial endeavors.
We will also put in place an all-inclusive social security and assistance system so that those who fail in their entrepreneurship and innovation endeavors still have something to fall back on and bounce back.
2020年翻譯資格考試筆譯二級測試題
漢譯英:
以體制創新推動科技創新。創新創造關鍵在人。
We will use institutional innovation to drive scientific and technological innovation.
It is people who make innovations and create things.
要加快科技成果使用處置和收益管理改革,擴大股權和分紅激勵政策實施范圍,We will speed up the reform to manage the use and commoditization of and the distribution of profit from scientific and technological advances of public institutions and extend the coverage of policies which allow for incentive mechanisms for innovation based on shares and dividends.
完善科技成果轉化、職務發明法律制度,使創新人才分享成果收益。
Legislation on the commercialization of research and development deliverables and on-the-job inventions should be improved so that inventors can enjoy a share of the returns on their inventions.
制定促進科研人員流動政策,改革科技評價、職稱評定和國家獎勵制度,推進科研院所分類改革。引進國外高質量人才和智力。
We will formulate policies for encouraging the flow of researchers and engineers, reform the systems for assessing their achievements, for appraising them for the conferral of professional titles, and for granting national awards, and reform research institutions according to their functions. We will work to attract high-caliber foreign professionals and bring in other expertise from overseas.
深入實施知識產權戰略行動計劃,堅決打擊侵權行為,切實保護發明創造,讓創新之樹枝繁葉茂。
We will fully implement the action plan for carrying out the national strategy on intellectual property rights, crack down on infringements, and ensure inventions and creative work are thoroughly protected to keep innovation thriving.
中小微企業大有可為,要扶上馬、送一程,使“草根”創新蔚然成風、遍地開花。
Medium, small, and micro businesses can accomplish great things. We need to give them a leg up to get them going. With these efforts, China's grassroots innovation can sprout up arid grow strong, bringing flowers of creation to every field.
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