托福寫作結(jié)構(gòu)清晰評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

托福寫作的官方評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中有一條是結(jié)構(gòu)清晰(well-organized)，很多同學(xué)對(duì)這條標(biāo)準(zhǔn)存在理解上的偏差，不知道怎樣寫才能達(dá)到這個(gè)要求。今天小編給大家?guī)砹送懈懽鹘Y(jié)構(gòu)清晰評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)如何達(dá)成,希望能夠幫助到大家，一起來學(xué)習(xí)吧。

托福寫作結(jié)構(gòu)清晰評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)如何達(dá)成

寫作分段落只是基本操作不算結(jié)構(gòu)清晰

首先小編腰圍大家明確的一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤認(rèn)知是，并非托福寫作分了幾個(gè)段落就能算是結(jié)構(gòu)清晰的。根據(jù)官方指南OG中關(guān)于organization的說明，通過幾個(gè)問句提醒同學(xué)們一篇完整的文章應(yīng)該要包含幾個(gè)部分：開頭段，主體段和結(jié)尾段，并且要分段，結(jié)構(gòu)要清晰。

同學(xué)們往往對(duì)于每部分要寫什么毋庸置疑，但在準(zhǔn)備的過程中，往往重視形式大過內(nèi)容。原則上，在不影響主體段發(fā)揮的前提下，開頭和結(jié)尾的方法以及長(zhǎng)度隨意(OG中介紹了6種開頭方法以及5種結(jié)尾方法)，保證關(guān)鍵的信息給出即可;但從大部分同學(xué)的實(shí)際考試情況來看，開頭和結(jié)尾總傾向于事先準(zhǔn)備好的模板句型;相反，最重要的主體段沒有留足夠的時(shí)間和精力。結(jié)果往往撿了芝麻丟了西瓜。所以除非能夠靈活運(yùn)用OG介紹的方法，否則建議同學(xué)簡(jiǎn)化開頭和結(jié)尾。

托福官方指南OG結(jié)構(gòu)清晰實(shí)例分析

我們看一下OG書上的一個(gè)開頭段例子：

The importance of the issue raised by the posed statement, namely creating a new holiday for people, cannot be underestimated, as it concerns the very fabric of society. As it stands, the issue of creating a new holiday raises profound implications for the future. However, although the subject matter in general cannot be dismissed lightheartedly, the perspective of the issue as presented by the statement raises certain qualms regarding practical application.

這個(gè)開頭段的前兩句都在強(qiáng)調(diào)話題(create a new holiday)的重要性，屬于贅述(redundancy)，第三句并沒有很直接給出立場(chǎng)，不符合評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的“有效回答問題”。為了獲得一個(gè)高分，我們需要避免贅述(redundancy)和偏題(digression)。

其次OG中有個(gè)2分的文章，截取每段的第一句話：

In the following, I will illustrate my opinion by two reasons.

First of all, honest make the trust stronger between friends or colleagues.

Secondly, telling a lie always makes things worse not only in work but also in family life.

On the contrary, sometimes it is better to tell a lie to others, such as telling a lie to a patient.

作者想給出2個(gè)理由，從正反論證說實(shí)話在人際關(guān)系中的重要性。而第三段的on the contrary， 看似是對(duì)比論證，然而并非是描述”撒謊的弊端“，所以結(jié)構(gòu)上會(huì)引起困惑。

寫出結(jié)構(gòu)清晰文章兩個(gè)建議分享

關(guān)于結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，一方面建議大家不要大片背誦模板句式然后進(jìn)行堆砌。近期的托福考試中寫作部分已經(jīng)有明確要求Do not use memorized examples.如果不能將模板句式巧妙結(jié)合所寫文章熟練混跡在自己的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)之下，那么建議踏踏實(shí)實(shí)審題。另一方面，平時(shí)可以結(jié)合歷年真題，多訓(xùn)練開門見山的思維方式，然后根據(jù)不同的話題補(bǔ)充相應(yīng)的詞匯短語(yǔ)等語(yǔ)料表達(dá)，不至于無話可說。

托福考試作文獨(dú)立寫作范文：孩子過分依賴電子產(chǎn)品

Independent Task

Nowadays, children rely too much on the technology, like computers, smartphone, video games for fun and entertainment; playing simpler toys or playing outside with friends would be better for the children's development.

寫作參考一:

For parents, how to well plan their children’s development has been a huge problem. While some children are given more time on technological gadgets, others are more inclined to choose some activities, such as going camping or traveling. For me, the former option would be a better one.

Admittedly, playing simpler toys or playing outside might be good choice for children. Simpler toys, namely Lego, are a good way to develop children’s thinking on solving the problem through block by block. By assembling the pieces for different blocks, children could assemble an even big piece, such as the classic London Tower Bridge. Also, playing with friends is helpful. When they are playing with others, they would cooperate with them to playing sports or even solve problems. However, on balance, both of these ways are limited in helping children. Toys and outdoor activities are restrained to their actual forms: parents need lots of money to buy different toys to help children develop, and they pay a great amount of money on helping their children for different activities. For those parents who suffer from financial burden, these are not effective ways for children’s development. Comparatively, technology would be a more effective way for children.

Firstly, Internet via computers and smartphone are essential for their development. In other words, Internet provides students with vast amounts of information. According to a recent survey conducted by Gallup, after polling thousands of students from local high schools, most respondents claim that Internet is the No.1 helper from them to finish homework. When they have problems, they would search reference on Internet. Websites such as Google Scholar would be a wonderful tool for them to find some papers or academic reference for their homework. Meanwhile, Internet is a wonderful place for them to entertain as well. They could watch movies on Youku.com. They could even find interesting stories on sina.com. All funny experiences are available on Internet without causing children too much money.

In addition, video games are also necessary for children’s growth. When children are playing video games, they might learn some strategic thinking. For example, when I am playing FIFA 2016, I have to manage my team members according to their physical strength so that I could beat other teams. For those who run quickly, it would be a good idea for them to play forward; for those who are tall and strong, they would be better playing middle field. Because of this team management strategy, I have achieved many titles in the game. Learning from this, I would allocate my time in finishing homework according to my energy level. When I am energetic, I might choose the most difficult homework; if I am tired, I might choose some easy-to-do tasks, which would not cost me much time.

To conclude, while playing toys or spending time on outdoor activities is a good way for their development, technology would be better way.

寫作參考二:

2月28日：Nowadays, children rely too much on the technology, like computers, smartphone, video games for fun and entertainment; playing simpler toys or playing outside with friends would be better for the children's development.

Technological advancement has contributed to the invention of a wide range of electronic products and there are an increasing number of children who are reported to rely heavily on the technology. Thus, the controversy is raised among the public whether playing simpler toys or playing outside with friends are better for the children’s development. From my perspective, I insist on that depending on high technology is a rather right decision.

For one thing, children can learn more about the world and develop a better way of resolving problems. For instance, the upcoming Fourth Industrial Revolution heralds a thorough change of the composition of working force in the society and learning the latest news through computers or smartphones will lead children to be aware of what are needed urgently and what have been outdated, in this way, they can decide what kinds of capabilities and qualities they should develop for being accustomed to the fast-changing world. Besides, children nowadays have to accomplish diverse curriculums many difficult assignments like writing a paper related to how independent war was sparkled or what consequences had been aroused after the assassination of Lincoln. Computers can help resolve the problem more effectively by providing students with abundant references and historic documentation. Additionally, there have been more educational programs spreading through the Internet like TED that is designed to disseminate the most outstanding professors’ lectures throughout the world to share the greatest ideas with people in every corner of the world. Obviously, relying on the high-tech devices can be of great benefits for children both to resolve the problems they might meet during their study and learn more things beyond their textbooks.

For another thing, video games have been designed to be more alluring and intellectually demanding. To be more specific, there have occurred many more video games that are invented to exploit children’s imagination and also release their pressure. Take Minecraft, a popular game sweeping many primary and high school students, as an example. In the game, players can use diverse construction materials and tools to construct what they like such as a castle or a skyscraper even a city. Besides, by decorating the entities they created in many different styles, massive intellectual activities are needed like how to design the roof the house and where should put the pets in the city and etc. During the process, students can be fully occupied in the game, serving as an antidote to boredom that will be detrimental to students’ mental health if it can be erased promptly. Consequently, playing video games is a better choice for students to make to release their pressure and ensure their health.

Granted, I have to admit that playing outside with friends is also a better way of releasing pressure like playing sports that can help exercise children’s bodies to improve their physical quality. However, children might be injured while joining sports since they are lack of adequate physical exercises usually. However, playing video games will not trigger any possible injuries.

In a word, relying on technology is a better choice than playing simple toys or playing outside with friends for children’s development. Learning more out of the classroom, resolving academic problems as well as releasing workloads effectively can all reveal the superiority of relying on technology.

托福考試作文獨(dú)立寫作范文：自主閱讀和老師布置閱讀任務(wù)哪個(gè)更重要

Agree or disagree: students do reading by their own is as important as or more important than the reading teachers assigned.

寫作范文參考:

Reading is a process of procuring knowledge and the ways of reading vary for students between reading on their own and reading as told by their teachers. As for me, it will be more beneficial to read books in line with students’ wishes.

For one thing, students should read what they are curious about and can find interests in, which can find wide application among college students in particular. In order to hone one’s talents and crafts with specific purpose, college students will find the more practical books to read to strengthen their competence for their future competing with other rivals in the job market. Take Steve Jobs as an example. After attending the college just for a few months, he couldn’t figure out how the college life would help him in the future except for imposing his working family enormous financial pressure.Then, he decided to drop out so he could stop taking the required classes and reading the assigned reading materials that did not interest him and began dropping in on the ones that looked interesting. Finally, the last several months for his college life turned out to be priceless later on since he took a calligraphy class and read the relative books, the knowledge of which had been applied to produce the first computer with beautiful typography. Evidently, part of Steve Job’s accomplishments can prove how essential for students to read by following their own curiosity and intuition.

For another thing, students can be more absorbed in the books that they like. To be more specific, compared with the assigned papers or articles, students’ incentive can be more stimulated by reading what they like. For instance, the prevailing notion of children’s education is that they should develop their own interests by reading what can intrigue their inquisitiveness or stimulate their imagination. Therefore, there is a voice coming out today that more freedom needs to be given to primary school students so that they can read some more interesting books like the science-fiction novels or tales and etc. Besides, too much focus on cultivating students’ academic abilities and the ignorance of developing their overall qualities will lead to the development of elites with less morality. Obviously, the benefits of reading books by students themselves and the detriment of just reading as assigned by teachers can tell us how important to give students’ rights to choose what they read.

Admittedly, reading what teachers assigned can be of also importance. In other words, teachers will be familiar with which area students should be improved to achieve better academic performance. For instance, teachers will require students to engage in extensive reading to increase students’ reading ability. However, it can not be the reason to regard reading as students wish as inferior because students can better improve their reading ability by being absorbed in what they like most.

To conclude, students should enjoy the rights to decide what they read.

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