在雅思閱讀中，遇到生詞是很常見的事，然而市面也有很多相對應的技巧。 今天小編給大家帶來了雅思閱讀技巧2招搞定生詞,希望能夠幫助到大家，一起來學習吧。
雅思閱讀技巧2招搞定生詞
一、利用上下文線索猜測詞義。
1.根據同義、反義關系猜詞。
Today's teenagers seem to be more liberal in their ideas than their _______ grandparents.
A. freethinking
B. traditional
C. old
D. happy
traditional與liberal意思相反，故選B。
2.根據句意或段落文章的上、下文猜測詞義。
Klebold and Harris felt _______ and wanted to revenge against those who disliked playing together with them or laughed at them.
A. discouraged
B. ashamed
C. tired
D. separated
根據下文的disliked playing together with them判斷此處應為"感到孤立"，故選D。
二、利用構詞法猜測詞義。
此法包括利用前、后綴及合成詞猜測詞義。
1.用前、后綴猜測詞義。
英語中的前綴、后綴構詞頗多，且特定的"綴"往往表示特定的含義，把握住這一點，可起到"以不變應萬變"的效果。
1)He had been overworking and fell ill at last.
overwork是由前綴over‐加動詞構成，over有"超過，過于"之意，overwork意思是"工作過多，勞累過度"。再如，overburden負擔過重，overcharge要價過高，overdo做得過分。
英語中常用的前綴還有：
mis‐錯，誤：misfortune不幸;mislead誤導;mismanage處理不當
mid‐中央：midnight半夜;midway半路
under‐低于：underdone半生不熟的;underestimate低估
anti‐反對：antibody抗體;anticyclone反氣旋;antifreeze防凍劑
下面劃線單詞為常見后綴派生詞：
1)You must stop dreaming and face reality.(‐ty為名詞的標志)
2)The country is trying to popularize education. (‐ize為及物動詞的標志，再如realize, modernize)
2.利用合成詞猜測詞義。
Family members take turns choosing a special activity for the evening, and everyone partakes in for fun.根據短語構成及上下文意思看，此處partakes in相當于takes part in。再如break out‐outbreak(名詞"爆發")，set out‐outset(名詞"起始")，come income(名詞"收入")
雅思閱讀中的“絆腳繩”要小心
雅思閱讀“絆腳繩”一：細節題考查精確定位。雅思閱讀中的細節題其實不難，但前提是定位的點要對。比如下面這個例題：
Two species of deer have been prevalent in the Puget Sound area of Washington State in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The black-tailed deer, a lowland, west-side cousin of the mule deer of eastern Washington, is now the most common. The other species, the Columbian white-tailed deer, in earlier times was common in the open prairie country, it is now restricted to the low, marshy islands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River.
According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the white-tailed deer of Puget Sound?
A. It is native to lowlands and marshes.
B. It is more closely related to the mule deer of eastern Washington than to other types of deer.
C. It has replaced the black-tailed deer in the open prairie.
D. It no longer lives in a particular type of habitat that it once occupied.
這是一個典型的細節題，在該題題干中，有的考生會選擇Puget Sound作為關鍵詞回原文定位，因為它是專有名詞，在文中會比較顯眼;但是如果一旦選擇了這個地名，勢必會定位在該段的第一句話，細節題往往是定位在哪句就在哪句找答案，這樣的話考生是選不出正確答案的，因為定位不精確。其實正確的關鍵詞應該是white-tailed deer，這個用連字符連接的詞在文章中也是比較醒目的，按該詞定位應是該段最后一句話。所以根據它的意思應該選D項。其中A項與原句意思不符，B和C都與定位句信息無關。我們再來看另外一個否定事實細節題的例子：
Plant communities assemble themselves flexibly, and their structure depends on the particular history of the area. Ecologists use the term "succession" to refer to the changes that happen in plant communities and ecosystems over time. The first community in a succession is called a pioneer community, while the long-lived community at the end of succession is called a climax community. Pioneer and successional plant communities are said to change over periods from 1 to 500 years. These changes-in plant numbers and the mix of species-are cumulative. Climax communities themselves change but over periods of time greater than about 500 years.
According to paragraph 1, which of the following is NOT true of climax communities?
A. They occur at the end of a succession.
B. They last longer than any other type of community.
C. The numbers of plants in them and the mix of species do not change
D. They remain stable for at least 500 years at a time.
這個題大家都會選擇用climax communities去定位，但在定位過程中會出現很多問題。首先考生要學會跳躍式定位，即根據文章中特殊的標點符號以及最醒目的詞來搜索我們真正需要的關鍵詞。文中的particular是加了陰影的，succession是在引號里面的，都非常醒目，通過看這兩個詞我們會發現它們附近沒有我們需要的東西;再比較突出的就是數字及破折號，在500的前方有a climax community，但它是單數，與題干關鍵詞不完全匹配，細節題講究的是精確定位，所以我們應該選擇500后方的Climax communities，即該段的最后一句話。否定事實細節題的出題思路有兩種：一是無中生有，即根據定位點的內容，四個選項只有一個沒有提到，這種思路多適用于選項比較簡短的題目;二是張冠李戴，即根據定位點的內容表述，只有一個選項與之矛盾，這種思路多適應于選項比較長的題目。就這個例題而言，根據定位的最后一句話，從表述上來說跟它相關的只有C和D兩個選項，D項的意思與原句相符，而C項與原句矛盾，所以正確答案是C。
綜上所述，做閱讀的細節題，最重要的一點就是要盡量地去精確定位。
雅思閱讀“絆腳繩”二： 無方向中隱藏方向。閱讀考試中絕大部分題目都是對應具體段落的，這會為考生節省很多時間。但是也不排除有少量題目的范圍比較大或比較模糊，考生在尋找答案時難免一頭霧水，費時費力。其實這些看似沒有明確定位方向的題目都是暗藏玄機的。下面我們就來看一個例子：
Wind power has a significant cost advantage over nuclear power and has become competitive with coal-fired power plants in many places. With new technological advances and mass production, projected cost declines should make wind power one of the world's cheapest ways to produce electricity. In the long run, electricity from large wind farms in remote areas might be used to make hydrogen gas from water during periods when there is less than peak demand for electricity. The hydrogen gas could then be fed into a storage system and used to generate electricity when additional or backup power is needed.
Wind power is most economical in areas with steady winds. In areas where the wind dies down, backup electricity from a utility company or from an energy storage system becomes necessary. Backup power could also be provided by linking wind farms with a solar cell, with conventional or pumped-storage hydropower, or with efficient natural-gas-burning turbines. Some drawbacks to wind farms include visual pollution and noise, although these can be overcome by improving their design and locating them in isolated areas.
Based on the information in paragraph 3 and paragraph 4, what can be inferred about the states of North Dakota, South Dakota, and Texas mentioned at the end of paragraph 1?
A.They rely largely on coal-fired power plants.
B.They contain remote areas where the winds rarely die down.
C.Over 1 percent of the electricity in these states is produced by wind farms.
D.Wind farms in these states are being expanded to meet the power needs of the United States.
這個題目的題干涉及到三個段落，而事實上考生根本不需要去看第一段的內容，因為答案依據的是第三、四段的信息，但是這兩個段落如果都看的話內容也不少，從應試的角度來說太費時間。正確的做法應該是從選項中挖掘一下方向。A項里大家一般都會選擇有連字符的coal-fired作為關鍵詞去定位，B項沒有比較顯眼的詞就只能選名詞短語remote areas，C項選1 percent， D項選the United States。選完關鍵詞我們不難發現除了B項不大好定位以外，其他三個選項的關鍵詞都很醒目。經過定位，A項應該去比對第3段的第一句話，意思明顯矛盾;B項不好找，可以暫且跳過;C項和D項的關鍵詞在這兩段都找不到，這就屬于閱讀中推理題的錯誤答案設計方法之一——無中生有。所以雖然我們沒有去驗證B項的說法是否正確，但經過排除也只能選B了。這樣的做題方法就會省時省力，且答案也是正確的。在考試中，這種情況往往會影響考生的心情，進而影響水平的發揮，但是只要我們了解了BC出題的套路就能把它們輕松搞定。
考場如戰場，只有知己知彼方能百戰百勝。了解了BC在設計題目時所使用的“絆腳繩”，我們就可以很好地做到事半功倍。
雅思閱讀文章都出自哪些報刊
分析發現，雅思閱讀考試A類文章大多選自國外人文類、經濟類和科學類的知名報紙、雜志或政府各部門(UK及世界各國) 的社會發展報告。如：經濟學家雜志Economist，金融時報(Financial Times), 衛報(Guardian) ,美國國家地理雜志(National Geographic), New Scientist, Science, Popular Science 和 Nature等。
G類文章從09年5月份開始，考察的內容導向有所變化，從原來的以“培訓”為導向逐步轉變為以“工作”為導向。這一背景材料的轉變值得引起考生的關注。以下是摘錄自雅思考試官方網站的相關內容：
‘From 1 May 2009, we are making a small but important change to the General Training Reading paper.
Currently, Section 2 of the General Training Reading paper focuses on the training context. From 1 May 2009, this section will focus on the work context (e.g. applying for jobs, company policies, pay and conditions, workplace facilities, staff development etc).
The General Training module is increasingly recognised by employers, professional bodies and immigration authorities. This change will ensure that the module will more closely meet the needs of candidates who take IELTS for employment or immigration purposes.
The other sections of the General Training Reading paper will remain unchanged.’
在了解了以上閱讀考試的題源出處之后，考生平時進行泛讀的時候，可以多選擇上面提到的報刊雜志的內容作為材料。這樣可以在幫助考生擴大相關背景知識的同時，使得考生能夠了解雅思閱讀文章的行文風格和常見結構。
G類的考生在平常準備考試的過程中一定要重視這個自09年5月1日起開始的 ‘small but important’的變化。重點補充一些工作類型的文章，例如申請工作、公司政策、工作環境等等。并且有條件的話，多做一些關于商務英語和職場英語方面的訓練。
當然，這里老師要向考生說明的是，如一些考試文章在上述網站上搜索起來有困難，考生可以在維京百科上搜索相關的詞條內容。拿澳洲考拉舉個例子，這是我們雅思考試中考過的有關澳洲的較有特色的動物。很多考生對于這個名字不陌生，但是具體細節談論起來，相關的知識就比較匱乏了。那么現在只要在搜索框內輸入‘Koala’則會出現很多相關的內容，以下僅為部分摘錄，
The koala is found in coastal regions of eastern and southern Australia, from near Adelaide to the southern part of Cape York Peninsula. Populations also extend for considerable distances inland in regions with enough moisture to support suitable woodlands. The koala is not found in Tasmania or Western Australia.
通過此段，考生可以大致了解考拉的分布主要在澳洲東部及南部沿海地區，從阿德萊德到約克角半島南部。而在塔斯馬尼亞及西澳地區則沒有發現考拉。
A baby koala is referred to as a joey and is hairless, blind, and earless. At birth the joey, only a quarter of an inch long, crawls into the downward-facing pouch on the mother's belly (which is closed by a drawstring-like muscle that the mother can tighten at will) and attaches itself to one of the two teats.
這一段主要介紹考拉寶寶的主要情況，出生時候只有四分之一英寸長，生活在媽媽的育兒袋里。
The koala lives almost entirely on eucalypt leaves. This is likely to be an evolutionary adaptation that takes advantage of an otherwise unfilled ecological niche, since eucalypt leaves are low in protein, high in indigestible substances, and contain phenolic and terpene compounds that are toxic to most species. Like wombats and sloths, the koala has a very low metabolic rate for a mammal and rests motionless for about 16 to 18 hours a day, sleeping most of that time.
本段講到考拉的飲食幾乎完全依賴桉樹葉生存，并且考拉的新陳代謝非常慢，一天可以16-18個小時不動。
建議考生在搜索的時候選用英文，在平時學習背景知識的時候，不斷擴大對于相關這一主題的詞匯量。這樣在考試當中遇見相關背景的文章的時候不至于出現因生詞過多造成理解誤差的情況，同時也可以在考試當中節省閱讀時間，保證閱讀速度。
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