雅思閱讀判斷題技巧解析

雅思閱讀判斷題，不止有yes和no，還有一個神奇的Not Given.判斷題的邏輯推理太燒腦，很多考生都說無從下手， 今天小編給大家帶來了雅思閱讀判斷題技巧解析,希望能夠幫助到大家，一起來學習吧。

雅思閱讀判斷題技巧解析

雅思閱讀判斷題通常又被叫做是非題，題目是若干個陳述句，要求根據原文所給的信息，判斷每個陳述句是對(True)、錯(False)、還是未提及(Not Given)。

有必要為廣大的Ieltser介紹下not given型的雅思閱讀判斷題的前世今生，按照雅思官方的說法，Not Given 的設置是為了降低考生盲選正確的概率，即是是蒙也只有33%的成功率，這相對來說更能測試出考生真實的語言能力。雅思官方呀的良苦用心，造就了一批深受此題困擾的烤鴨。請看本文的分析與講解，看是否能助你脫離此苦海，掌握完全的雅思閱讀判斷題技巧。

首先我們要明確Not Given 是如何界定的，哪種情況才叫做Not Given。我們來看看雅思官方給出的Not Given 的兩種界定：

1. If there is no information on this.

2. If it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about it.

簡單來說，Not Given 就是一個無端捏造的描述。

雅思閱讀判斷題特點：

1、判斷題是順序題

2、同時定位兩題

3、True 、False、 Not Given百分百出現

4、True 42% False 38% Not Given 20%

雅思考試判斷題的考點其實是有規律可循的，在定位好的前提下，需要熟悉判斷題中的考點，以快速找到問題之所在，進行判斷。一般來說，一道判斷題通常考查一或兩個考點，常考的

雅思閱讀判斷題考點為：

1.是非考點

2.數字考點

3.絕對考點

4.比較考點

1. 是非考點

如題目：王寶強是一個帥男。“王寶強”是定位詞，形容詞“帥”就成為考點詞。判定是否夠帥，即“是非考點”。原文：王寶強是一個帥男。與題干“帥”完全一致，答案選TRUE;原文：王寶強不是一個帥男，“不是”“帥”男，明顯抵觸于題干中的“帥”，因而答案選FALSE; 原文:孫紅雷在國內影壇扮演硬漢形象。原文根本沒有出現題干中的定位詞“王寶強”，因而答案NOT GIVEN 未提及型; 原文:王寶強長的很有意思。原文中長的“很有意思”，并不一致于題干中的“帥”，也并不抵觸于題干中的“帥”，盡管提及了“王寶強”，但是答案依然

選NOT GIVEN 證據不足型。每一個判斷題都可以考查“是非”考點，通常在題干中的名詞，動詞，形容詞的位置容易生成考點，需要進行判斷。

如題干：Australians have been turning to alternative therapies in increasing numbers over the past 20 years.

原文： disenchantment with orthodox medicine has seen the popularity of alternative therapies in Australia climb steadily during the past 20 years.

題干 increasing numbers=原文 climb steadily,判定是否上升，達成一致，答案為TRUE.

2. 數字考點

只要題干中存在數字，通常考查數字的準確性。但凡與原文中的數字不符合，答案選FALSE.

例如：Q31 MIRTP was divided into five phases.(CAM7/TEST2/PASSAGE3),原文： Phase III, from March 1991 to March 1993, focused on the refinement and institutionalization of these activities.題干中的“五個階段”，與原文中的“三個階段”，不一致，答案選FALSE.

3. 絕對考點

只要題干中存在絕對詞，通常選FALSE.

例如：Q9 Any street child can set up their own small business if given enough support. (CAM4/TEST3/PASSAGE1)

原文：Being an entrepreneur is not for everyone, nor for every street child.

題干：如果給予足夠支持，“任何”孩子都可以建立自己的公司。與原文: “并不是” “每個人”都適合當老板，街頭兒童也是如此。明顯抵觸，答案選FALSE.

4. 比較考點

兩個事物發生比較，通常在題干中出現more…than…,容易產生并不存在的比較關系，而選擇NOT GIVEN.

例如：Q18 Disease-spreading pests respond more quickly to pesticides than agricultural pests do.(CAM8/TEST4/PASSAGE2),原文：According to a recent study by the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), more than 300 species of agricultural pests have developed resistance to a wide range of potent chemicals.

題干：傳播疾病的害蟲對于農藥的反應比農業害蟲迅速。

原文：聯合國糧食及農業組織(FAO)最近的一項研究顯示，超過300種的農業害蟲已經對多種強效殺蟲劑產生了抗藥性。更嚴重的是，在傳播疾病的害蟲中，約有100種已經對多種正在使用的殺蟲劑產生了免疫力。原文雖然講到了兩種害蟲的抗藥性，但是并沒有進行比較。答案選NOT GIVEN.

雅思閱讀材料：六個壞習慣將毀掉你的睡眠

If you equate getting older with needing—or getting—less sleep, here’s a wake-up call: It's not true! “The majority of us require between seven and nine hours of shut-eye a night," says Robert Oexman, D.C., director of the Sleep to Live Institute. “And there’s little reason—whether you’re 55 or 80—not to get it.” Barring disease, medication and pain (all legitimate sleep interrupters), if patients complain of bad sleep, Dr. Oexman looks at their nighttime habits, where the problem almost always resides.

如果你認為人慢慢長大變老，需要或得到的睡眠更少，那我來提醒你吧，不是這樣的!睡眠與生命研究所所長，脊骨神經科醫師羅伯特·歐克斯曼說道：“大多數人每晚需要7-9小時的睡眠時間。無論你是55還是80歲，都應該做到這一點。”疾病、藥物和疼痛除外(這些都可能會干擾睡眠)，如果病人抱怨睡不好覺，歐克斯曼醫師會查看其晚間生活習慣來發現問題所在。

So, how are you sabotaging your z-z-z-z-z’s?

所以，你是怎樣破壞自己的睡眠的呢?

Bad Habit #1: Watching TV until you fall asleep?

壞習慣一：看電視看到睡著

Why It Disrupts Sleep: It has nothing to do with what you watch—Downton Abbey isn’t a better pre-sleep choice than Dog the Bounty Hunter. Rather it’s the exposure to TV’s bright light that’s the culprit. Artificial bright light after dusk not only enhances alertness, but also delays the production of melatonin, a sleep-inducing hormone. So even if you nod off (in front of the TV, for example), you probably won’t stay asleep for long.

為什么會影響睡眠：這和你看什么節目沒有任何關系，因為《唐頓莊園》并不是比《賞金獵人》更好的睡前節目。反而是暴露在電視強光下才是影響你睡眠的罪魁禍首。天黑后的人造強光不僅讓人增加警惕性，而且會延遲體內睡眠荷爾蒙——褪黑素的生成。所以即使你打盹了(比如在電視機前)，你很可能也睡不了多久。

EZZZ Fix: An hour before bedtime, treat yourself like a baby: a warm bath, followed by a quiet activity in dim light—meditation, journal writing, reading. But no reading or writing on your computer before bed or in the middle of the night. (Almost half of the respondents in the AOL Email Addiction survey admitted to checking email during the night. If that’s you, keep technology out of the bedroom.)

解決方法：睡前一小時，讓自己像嬰兒一樣：洗個熱水澡，在暗淡的燈光下做些安靜的事情-冥想，寫日記，閱讀。但是睡前或者半夜絕對不能在電腦上閱讀或者寫東西。(幾乎一半參與美國在線電子郵件上癮調查的人們承認晚間會查看電子郵件。如果你也是這樣，那么記得把高科技關在臥室外面吧。)

Bad Habit #2: Sleeping with Fido

壞習慣二：抱狗狗睡覺

Why It Disrupts Sleep: While animal-lovers argue the emotional benefits of sharing a pillow with their pets, research shows that pets can contribute to less than sound sleep. How? “Pets have different circadian rhythms than humans," says Oexman. “They sleep most of the day, and they shift a lot when sleeping—they get comfortable, then they move. This goes on all night, and whether you admit it or not, it interrupts your ability to get the level of sleep needed to feel rested." (As for pet dander and allergies—sneezing and wheezing are not great sleep enhancers.)

為什么會影響睡眠：動物愛好者認為和寵物一起睡覺有情感上的益處，然而研究表明寵物實際上會影響睡眠。這是怎么回事呢?“寵物和人有著不同的生理節律，”歐克斯曼說，“他們每天大多數時候都會睡，睡覺的時候經常動-他們覺得舒服，然后就會動。整晚都會這樣，而且無論你承認與否，你都會不知不覺被影響而達不到自己需要的睡眠程度。(至于寵物皮屑和各種過敏導致的打噴嚏和喘息都是會影響睡眠的因素。)

EZZZ Fix: For two weeks, put your pooch or cat in a crate outside your closed bedroom door. When your pet can sleep quietly in the crate, move the crate inside your room for another two weeks. When the crate training is complete, try letting the dog or cat sleep in his own bed near your bed. Discourage all attempts to jump on your bed and reward all successes for staying in his own bed. (Caveat: Plan on interrupted sleep for a few weeks.)

解決方法：堅持兩個星期，把家里的狗狗或者貓咪裝在板條箱里，把箱子放在臥室外面，然后關起門來。等你的寵物可以在板條箱里安靜地睡覺時，再把板條箱搬進臥室里面放兩個星期。等這個板條箱里的訓練完成時，試著讓狗狗或者貓咪在離你床近的地方趴在自己的窩里睡。阻止它所有試圖跳上你的床的嘗試，獎勵它乖乖在自己床上睡覺。(告誡：計劃好有幾個星期會睡不好覺。)

Bad Habit #3: Exercising too close to bedtime?

壞習慣三：臨睡前做運動

Why It Disrupts Sleep: Remember how poorly you sleep when you have a fever—drifting in and out, never really feeling rested? Well, heavy exercise too close to bedtime has the same effect—it raises your core body temperature so that your sleep is fragmented at best until your body temperature drops to normal, which may take several hours.

為什么會影響睡眠：記得你發燒的時候睡眠多么糟糕么——模模糊糊地睡著醒來，都沒怎么休息好。其實睡前做運動是一樣的結果——這讓你身體的核心體溫升高，所以你的睡眠會斷斷續續直到你的體溫降到正常范圍，這可能會需要好幾個小時。

EZZZ Fix: No hardcore exercise at least three hours before bedtime, so when you lay your sleepy head on the pillow, your body temp is normal. Also, keep the bedroom temperature between 65-58 degrees for the ideal sleeping climate. Too cold for you? Pile on the blankets; just make sure your head (no stocking cap, please) is exposed to the cooler air to help regulate your body temperature.

解決方案：睡前至少三小時內不要劇烈運動，這樣當你疲倦的腦袋沾到枕頭時，你的體溫才是正常的。同時，最理想的睡眠條件是保持臥室溫度在65-58華氏度(18.3-20攝氏度)之間。對你來說太冷?多蓋上幾層毯子;保證你的腦袋(請別戴絨線帽)置于冷空氣中，幫助調節體溫。

Bad Habit #4: Drinking too much liquid before bedtime

壞習慣四：睡前大量喝水

Why It Disrupts Sleep: The short answer—you have to get up and pee frequently.

為什么會影響睡眠：答案很簡單-你需要頻繁起床去衛生間。

EZZZ Fix: Need we also mention that coffee, tea, and colas, are not only diuretics, but also stimulants? Stop drinking caffeinated drinks after lunch and other liquids at least three hours before bedtime because peeing at night and aging do not automatically go hand in hand—unless you suffer from a prostate issue, sleep apnea, or weak pelvic muscles, in which case, see your doc for help with the related sleep issues.

解決方法：還需要跟你講咖啡、茶和可樂類飲料不僅利尿，而且有刺激作用么?不要在午飯后喝咖啡因飲料，至少睡前三小時也不要喝其他東西。因為晚上上廁所和衰老并沒有緊密聯系，除非你有前列腺疾病，睡眠呼吸暫停或者盆腔肌肉脆弱，如果是這些情況，就去請醫生幫忙解決和睡眠相關的問題吧。

Bad Habit #5: Eating fatty, heavy foods too close to bedtime?

壞習慣五：睡前吃油膩且難消化的食物

Why It Disrupts Sleep: Heartburn strikes anyone of any age, but it’s the most common GI disorder in older adults. If you’ve ever tried to go to sleep after eating a fatty meal, you’ve probably found the discomfort of stomach acids leaking into your esophagus less than conducive to falling asleep or staying asleep.

為什么影響睡眠：任何人任何年齡都可能會胃灼熱，但這是老年人最常見的胃腸失調毛病。如果你試過在吃了一頓很油膩的飯后去睡覺，你可能會感受到由于胃酸進入食道而引起的不舒服，這不利于入睡或進入睡眠狀態。

EZZZ Fix: Try to eat your last meal of the day at least 2-3 hours before bed time. Should you feel peckish before bed, consider a carbohydrate-rich snack. "Carbs stimulate melatonin production," says Dr. Oexman, "so have a (normal size) bowl of cereal, a half a bagel with a spread of hummus, or a small boiled potato." Or maybe have a serving of jasmine rice. According to the Journal of Clinical Nutrition, eating jasmine rice helped people in a study fall asleep faster than other types of rice. Who knew?

解決方案：嘗試至少在入睡前2-3小時吃每天的最后一頓飯。如果你睡前肚子餓，考慮下富含碳水化合物的小吃吧。“碳水化合物能刺激褪黑激素的生成，”歐克斯曼醫師說道，“所以來一碗(正常大小的碗)麥片，半個抹著鷹嘴豆沙的百吉餅，或者一個小點的煮土豆。”或者吃點香米。根據《臨床營養學雜志》的一項調查研究，吃了香米的人比吃了其他種類的大米的人入睡更快。誰知道呢?

Bad Habit #6: Accepting snoring as normal sleep behavior

壞習慣六：明明睡覺打呼，卻放棄治療

Why It Disrupts Sleep: Snoring may seem as common as breathing, but it's considered the biggest sleep disrupter, and it's linked to several causes: sleeping on your back, being overweight, having a cold or allergies, drinking, or taking certain medications. At its most serious, it's caused by apnea, a potentially life-threatening illness. For the snorer, it disrupts sleep by awakening him/her every so often in order to breathe normally. For the partner, the noise can be deafening.

為什么影響睡眠：打鼾也許看似和呼吸一樣正常，但它其實是擾亂睡眠的最重要因素，導致打呼嚕的原因有好幾種：仰著睡，超重，感冒/過敏，喝酒或者吃藥。最嚴重的情形是，打呼是由呼吸暫停引起的一種威脅生命的潛在疾病。因為打呼嚕的人每隔一段時間會醒來以保證正常呼吸，所以睡眠不可避免會被影響。

EZZZ Fix: For minor problems, try the obvious; lose weight, sleep on your side, take decongestants if you have a cold. In addition, Dr. Oexman recommends using a mouthguard, which is a non-invasive way to open the breathing passages. To rule out or diagnose apnea, consult your doctor. And never dismiss snoring as just a nuisance until you’ve discovered the underlying cause. That means no separate bedrooms as the quick fix.

解決方案：對于小問題，試試顯而易見的方法：減肥，側臥，感冒了服用去充血劑。除此之外，歐克斯曼醫師推薦使用牙托，以一種非侵入式的方式打開呼吸道。去看醫生以排除或者診斷呼吸暫停。而且在你發現潛在原因之前，永遠不要認為打呼沒什么大不了，而將它輕易打發掉。也就是說，不要將分房睡作為解決打呼問題的直接方案。

雅思閱讀材料：可以聽懂你情緒的手機應用

Beyond Verbal Communications Ltd., a voice-recognition software developer here, is rolling out an app promising something Siri can't yet deliver: a readout on how you feel.

語音識別軟件開發商Beyond Verbal Communications Ltd.即將推出一款應用軟件，有望實現Siri尚且無法實現的一個功能：把你的情緒顯示出來。

Called Moodies, it lets a smartphone user speak a few words into the phone's mike to produce, about 20 seconds later, an emotional analysis. Beyond Verbal executives say the app is mostly for self-diagnosis -- and a bit of fun: It pairs a cartoon face with each analysis, and users can share the face on social media.

借助于這款名為“Moodies”的應用，智能手機用戶可以朝著手機的麥克風講話，在大約20秒鐘之后生成情緒分析。Beyond Verbal的管理人員說，該應用主要是用于自我診斷，也可以帶來一些小小的樂趣：它給每一次分析配上一張卡通臉孔，用戶可以把臉孔拿到社交媒體上去分享。

But the app is coming out as the company and other developers -- many clustered in Tel Aviv -- push increasingly sophisticated hardware and software they say can determine a person's emotional state through analysis of his or her voice.

在這款應用面世之際，Beyond Verbal和其他一些開發商――很多都扎堆特拉維夫――正在推出一些越來越尖端、據它們說可以通過分析語音確定一個人情緒狀態的硬件和軟件。

These companies say the tools can also detect fraud, screen airline passengers and help a call-center technician better deal with an irate customer. And they can be used to keep tabs on employees or screen job applicants. One developer, Tel Aviv-based Nemesysco Ltd., offers what it calls 'honesty maintenance' software aimed at human-resource executives. The firm says that by analyzing a job applicant's voice at an interview, the program can help identify fibs.

這些公司說，這些工具還可以偵測欺詐、檢查飛機乘客、幫助呼叫中心技術人員更好地對付發飆的顧客。它們可以用來監視員工或篩選求職者。特拉維夫開發商Nemesysco Ltd.推出以人力資源經理為目標客戶的“誠信維護”軟件。該公司說，這套程序可以通過分析求職者在面試期間的說話聲音來幫助辨別謊言。

That's raising alarm among many voice-analysis experts, who question the accuracy of such on-the-spot interpretations. It's also raising worries among privacy advocates, who say such technology -- especially if it is being rolled out in cheap, easy-to-use smartphone apps -- could be a fresh threat to privacy.

這引起了很多語音分析專家的警惕，他們對這類現場轉譯的準確性提出了質疑。也引起了很多隱私鼓吹者的憂慮，他們說，這類技術有可能成為一種新的隱私威脅，如果是以便宜好用的智能手機應用的形式推出，威脅就更為嚴重。

Depending on how the analysis is performed, used and shared, 'there could well be breaches of certain privacy laws,' says Gwendolen Morgan, an associate at Bindmans LLP, a London human-rights law firm.

倫敦人權律師事務所Bindmans LLP合伙人格溫德琳?摩根(Gwendolen Morgan)說，這些分析“很有可能違反了某些隱私法規”，具體要看它們是怎樣運行以及被使用和共享的。

The new wave of technology is based on so-called layered voice analysis, and it's related to the much broader, more established field of 'speech-to-text' sentiment analysis. Verint Systems Inc., Thomson Reuters PLC and Hewlett-Packard Co. and others have long used speech-to-text technology to record phone calls and break them down into so-called text-based sentiment intelligence by flagging the occurrence of keywords or types of words. Call centers use the data to teach employees to keep customers on the phone or monitor employees for training purposes.

這一波新的技術浪潮基于“深層語音分析”(layered voice analysis)，跟更廣泛、更成熟的“語音轉文字”(speech-to-text)情緒分析領域有關。Verint Systems Inc.、湯森路透(Thomson Reuters PLC)、惠普(Hewlett-Packard Co.)等公司曾長期使用語音轉文字技術來記錄通話，并把出現在其中的關鍵詞或某些詞語種類標注出來，從而將通話分解為“基于文本的情緒情報”。呼叫中心用這些數據教員工如何讓客戶保持通話，或為了培訓的目的而監測員工。

The new speech-focused tools come as other companies are marketing body-language and facial-recognition sentiment-analysis tools -- including an app for Google Inc.'s Google Glass.

在這些新的語音分析工具面世之際，其他公司也在銷售身體語言和面部識別類的情緒分析工具，比如一款針對谷歌公司(Google Inc.)“谷歌眼鏡”(Google Glass)的應用。

Voice-recognition and analysis specialists say there is no question that emotions and patterns of speech can be linked. But many say the utility of the analysis can be limited by the extent to which voice samples have been collected -- often requiring years of samples to detect variations caused by emotions.

語音識別與分析專家說，情緒和語音形態可能存在關聯，這一點勿庸置疑。但很多人說，這類分析的實用性可能受制于語音樣本的采集規模，常常需要采集多年的樣本才能偵測到情緒造成的變異。

Andrew Baron, assistant professor of psychology at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, says information produced by a lot of the commercially focused voice-recognition technology can be 'fuzzy.'

溫哥華英屬哥倫比亞大學(University of British Columbia)心理學助理教授安德魯?巴倫(Andrew Baron)說，很多以商業為重的語音識別技術所產生的信息都有可能是“失真”的。

'We simply don't have the technology today, at the level of cognitive neuroscience, to really know the precise content of a person's thought or emotion,' Mr. Baron says.

巴倫說：“想要真正知道一個人思想或情緒的準確內容，我們今天根本就沒有在認知神經科學的層面掌握這樣的技術。”

Israel has become an epicenter of the new technology largely because of its role as an incubator for security-focused technology. Nemesysco markets to security companies and law-enforcement agencies, as well as insurance companies and other corporate clients.

以色列之所以成為這類新技術的中心，主要緣于它作為安全技術孵化器的角色。Nemesysco的目標客戶有安保公司、執法機構，也有保險公司和其他一些企業客戶。

Britain's Department of Work and Pension bought some of Nemesysco's software to help it detect benefit fraud in 2007, but it says it discontinued the contract after three years after inconclusive results.

英國就業及退休保障部(Department for Work and Pension)在2007年購入Nemesysco的一部分軟件，來幫助它偵測騙取福利的行為。但該部表示，三年過后因為檢測結果不確定，便中止了合同。

Nemesysco founder Amir Liberman says his firm has come up with 120 vocal parameters that correlate with human emotions. Using algorithms, Mr. Liberman says the technology can pick up 'patterns and abnormalities' and classify them as related to emotional states like stress, excitement and confusion. He says the technology's benefits far outweigh any perceived infringement on personal privacy.

Nemesysco創始人阿米爾?利伯曼(Amir Liberman)說，他的公司已經確定了120個與人類情感相關的語音參數。利伯曼說，通過算法，這項技術可以甄別出一些“特定的模式和異常情況”，進而確認它們是否與緊張、興奮、疑惑等情緒狀態有關。他說，該技術的好處遠遠勝過一些人眼中個人隱私受到的侵犯。

EmoSpeech, a startup based in Puebla, Mexico, and Cambridge, Mass., sells its voice-analysis product to call centers in Mexico. It promises an ability to identify four basic emotional states: happiness, anger, impatience and neutrality. The company is targeting call centers in the U.S., says Chief Executive Miriam Reyes.

總部在墨西哥普埃布拉(Puebla)和美國馬薩諸塞州坎布里奇(Cambridge)的初創公司EmoSpeech向墨西哥的呼叫中心出售其語音分析產品。它承諾能夠辨別出快樂、憤怒、煩躁、中性這四種情緒狀態。EmoSpeech首席執行長米麗婭姆?雷耶斯(Miriam Reyes)說，公司正在面向美國的呼叫中心進行推銷。

Beyond Verbal, the company behind the Moodies smartphone app, says its software analyzes speech components like timing, energy, frequency and spectral content to produce data that can then be run through its algorithms.

推出Moodies應用的Beyond Verbal公司說，該軟件通過分析節奏、能量、頻率和頻譜內容等語音成分來生成數據，然后用自己的算法來進行加工。

Founded in 2012, Beyond Verbal's main business is selling layered-voice-analysis software to companies in the call-center business. The company recently closed a $2.8 million funding round led by prominent Kazakhstan-based angel investor Kenges Rakishev.

Beyond Verbal成立于2012年，主要業務是向做呼叫中心業務的企業出售深層語音分析軟件。最近該公司完成了一輪280萬美元的融資，牽頭的是哈薩克斯坦知名天使投資家肯格斯?拉基謝夫(Kenges Rakishev)。

Dan Emodi, Beyond Verbal's vice president for marketing and strategic accounts, says the software is based on more than three years of research. Based on user feedback, he says, the smartphone app has an accuracy rate of 80%.

Beyond Verbal負責營銷與戰略客戶的副總裁丹?埃默迪(Dan Emodi)說，該軟件基于三年多的研究。他說，從用戶反饋判斷，這款智能手機應用軟件有80%的準確率。

As for any privacy concerns, he says, 'Our responsibility is the people we work with, the partners we choose.' But he does acknowledge there 'is no technological way for us to prevent anyone from taking our product and activating it on somebody else without their knowledge.'

他說，至于隱私方面的憂慮，“我們的負責對象是一起合作的人、我們選擇的合作伙伴”。但他也承認，“從技術上講，我們沒有辦法阻止任何人拿著我們的產品在別人不知情的情況下在他們身上使用它”

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